Lesson 2: Characteristics of Soils

Question 1

They were formed by movement of oils from its original place by gravity

Answer 1

Colluvial Soils

Question 2

They were formed by deposition in the seas

Answer 2

Marine Soil

Question 3

They are formed from sediments, animals and plant materials that are deposited in water or on the earth’s surface and then subjected to pressures and heat

Answer 3

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 4

They are formed from magma (molten rock materials) emitted from volcanoes that have cooled and solidified

Answer 4

Igneous Rocks

Question 5

They are ground fracture

Answer 5

Faults

Question 6

It is the horizontal surface separation of a layer or bedding place

Answer 6

Strike

Question 7

It is calcium sulphate formed under heat and pressure from sediments in ocean brine

Answer 7

Gypsum

Question 8

It is a mixture of salt, sand, silt, and clay that may contain organic materials

Answer 8

Loam

Question 9

It is a wind-blown, uniform fine-grained soil

Answer 9

Loess

Question 10

They are clays that undergo large volume changes from cycles of wetting and drying

Answer 10

Expansive Soil

Question 11

Formed by deposition of quite lakes

Answer 11

Lacustrine Soil

Question 12

It is a clay and silt mixed with water into a viscous fluid

Answer 12

Mud

Question 13

3 layers of the earth

Answer 13

Crust
Mantle
Core

Question 14

downward separation of a bedding plane.

Answer 14

Dip

Question 15

are chemical elements that constitute rocks.

Answer 15

Minerals

Question 16

are aggregation of minerals into a hard mass.

Answer 16

Rocks

Question 17

are materials that are derived from the weathering of rocks.

Answer 17

Soils

Question 18

Average radius of the earth

Answer 18

6373 km

Question 19

3 classifications of rocks

Answer 19

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 20

are formed deep within the earth’s crust from the transformation of igneous, sedimentary, and even existing metamorphic rocks.

Answer 20

Metamorphic rocks

Question 21

involves reduction of size without any change in the original composition of the parent rock

Answer 21

Physical weathering

Question 22

causes both reductions in size and chemical alteration of the original parent rock. The main agents responsible for chemical weathering are hydration, carbonation, and oxidation.

Answer 22

Chemical weathering

Question 23

fine sediments that have been eroded from rock, transported by water, and have settled on river and stream beds.

transported by running water and deposited along streams

Answer 23

Alluvial Soil

Question 24

contain calcium carbonate and effervesces when treated with hydrochloric acid.

Answer 24

Calcareous Soil

Question 25

consists of gravel, sand, and clay cemented together by calcium carbonate.

Answer 25

Caliche

Question 26

are soils found at the base of mountains that have been eroded by the combination of water and gravity.

Answer 26

Collovial Soil

Question 27

are sand-sized particles deposited by wind

Answer 27

Eolian Soil

Question 28

are clays that undergo large volume changes from cycles of wetting and drying.

Answer 28

Expansive Soil

Question 29

are mixed soils consisting rock debris, sand, silt, clays, and boulders.

Answer 29

Glacial Soil

Question 30

consists mainly of coarse particles.

Answer 30

Glacial Till

Question 31

are soil that were deposited in ancient lakes and subsequently frozen.

Answer 31

Glacial clay

Question 32

are residual soils that are cemented with iron oxides and are found in tropical regions.

Answer 32

Lateritic Soil

Question 33

soils formed by the weathered products at the place of their origin

Answer 33

Residual Soil

Question 34

important characteristics of residual soil is _____ and ______

Answer 34

Particle size and gradation