Lesson 2: Applying Mendel’s Techniques

Question 1

Mendel’s Autosomal Traits

Answer 1

Autosomal traits are traits expressed from a gene on an autosomal chromosome.
—Example: Flower colour

Question 2

Applying Mendel’s Principles #1

Answer 2

Each organism has two factors for e/ trait. These factors we know are genes located on chromosomes. The different forms are called alleles. An organism receives one copy of e/ gene from e/ parent

Question 3

Applying Mendel’s Principles #2

Answer 3

The two alleles for each trait must separate when gamete’s are formed through meiosis. A parent passes on only one allele for e/ trait to any offspring

Question 4

Applying Mendel’s Principles #3

Answer 4

The alleles for each trait behave independently of alleles for other traits during production

Question 5

Predicting Offspring: The Punnett Square

Answer 5

P.C Punnett decided a system to predict the probability of offspring

Question 6

Using Punnett square: two homozygous idvs

Answer 6

One common Mendelian ratio is a result of the cross between a purebred dominant and a purebred recessive.
—All offspring will be heterozygous and display the dominant trait

Question 7

Using Punnett square: two heterozygous idvs

Answer 7

Another Mendelian ratio occurs when two heterozygous idvs have offspring. This is called monohybrid cross.
-the genotypic ratio that results is 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa
-the phenotypic ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive

Question 8

Using Punnett square: heterozygous parents with two traits

Answer 8

Another Mendelian ratio of the Sylts when more than one trait is considered. This is when organisms that are heterozygous for two traits have offspring —> dihybrid cross
— the gamete possibilities are:
AaBb —> Aa, Ab, aB, ab gametes

Question 9

Test Cross

Answer 9

—used to determine if a parent is homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant trait
— this is done by crossing with a homozygous recessive idv and observing a he results in the offspring