Lesson 2 and Others: Theoretical Dimensions & Determinants of Development, Motivation, and Adjustment Flashcards
explain Psychoanalytic Perspective in concept and treatment
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁: Rooted in Freudian theory, unconscious conflicts
𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀 bring unconscious thoughts and feelings to consciousness; free association and dream analysis
Key Ideas in Psychoanalytic Perspective
- Unresolved Conflicts: unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego
- Defense Mechanisms
- Early Childhood
Behavioristic Perspective Concept
behavior is learned through conditioning
Treatment Focus in Behavioristic Perspective
exposure therapy, systemic desensitization, and reinforcement strategies
Key Ideas in Behavioristic Perspective
- Classical Conditioning (association)
- Operant Conditioning (reinforced positively or negatively)
- Modeling
Humanistic-Existential Perspective Concept
struggle with existential issues like meaning, authenticity, and choice
Key Ideas in Humanistic-Existential Perspective
- Self-actualization
- existential crisis
- feelings of worthlessness
Humanistic-Existential Perspective Treatment Focus
- self-exploration
- authenticity
- personal growth
Socio-Cultural Perspective Concept
sociocultural norms, family dynamics, and cultural expectations
Socio-Cultural Perspective Treatment Focus
- community support
- family therapy
Key Ideas in Socio-Cultural Perspective
- Cultural Relativity
- Social Roles and Expectations
- Family Dynamics: Dysfunctional family interactions and communication patterns
- Stigma and Discrimination
Biological Perspective
genetics, neurochemistry, and brain structure abnormalities
Biological Perspective Treatment Focus
psychopharmacology (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or other medical intervention
Biological Perspective Key Ideas
- Genetic Predisposition
- Neurotransmitter Imbalances
- Brain Structure and Function
Interpersonal Perspective
dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and communication patterns
Treatment Focus in Interpersonal Perspective
Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal skills, resolving conflicts, and enhancing social support.
Key Ideas in Interpersonal Perspective
- Interpersonal Relationships (Poor-quality relationships)
- Attachment Issues
- Social Support
- Communication Patterns
Cognitive Perspective
maladaptive thinking patterns and beliefs.
Treatment Focus: of Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to identify and challenge maladaptive thoughts and beliefs, replacing them with more adaptive ones.
Cognitive Perspective Key Ideas
- Cognitive Distortions: catastrophizing, overgeneralization, or black-and-white thinking
- Belief Systems
- Automatic Thoughts
- Cognitive Schemas
Determinants of Development
- Biological - genetics, brain development, and physical growth
- Psychological factors - cognitive and emotional processes
- Social and environmental conditions – shaping behavior and personality
Specific developmental tasks:
- acquiring life skills
- developing a sense of identity
- building social relationships
Human behavior is driven by various needs
- biological (food, sleep)
- psychological (self-esteem, belonging)
- ego-integrative (personal growth, purpose)
Unmet needs =
frustration or unhealthy coping strategies
Adjustment Demands and Stress
frustration, conflict, and pressure
reaction to stress = ___
adaptive or maladaptive behavior
Maladaptive responses to stress (__ or ___) = ___
(avoidance or aggression) = personality disorders
adaptive responses promote ___
resilience and healthy functioning
differentiate Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Behaviors
Adaptive Behaviors: Positive coping mechanisms that facilitate adjustment to life’s challenges.
Maladaptive Behaviors: Dysfunctional responses that hinder personal growth
Adaptive Behaviors includes:
- Problem-solving
- emotional regulation
- seeking support
Maladaptive Behaviors includes:
- Denial
- withdrawal, or unhealthy dependence
- often linked to personality disorders
Good Adjustment
flexibility, self-awareness, and effective stress management.
Healthy relationships, stable emotions, and resilience
Poor Adjustment
inflexibility, emotional instability, and inability to cope with stress
mental health issues like anxiety, depression, or personality disorders
Perspectives on the Causation of Abnormal Behavior
primary: direct cause of abnormal behavior (e.g., genetic disposition)
predisposing: long-term factors that increase vulnerability (e.g, family history)
precipitating: immediate triggers (eg., traumatic events)
reinforcing: Factors that maintain abnormal behavior (e.g., attention, avoidance of stress).
Biological Factors
Genetics, brain chemistry, and neurodevelopmental issues contribute to abnormal behavior
Psychosocial Factors
- Childhood Trauma: Abuse, neglect, or severe stress during early development.
- Parental Deprivation: Lack of emotional support or care from parents.
- Pathogenic Parent-Child Relationships: Dysfunctional dynamics between parent and child.
- Pathogenic Family Structures: Dysfunction within family systems, such as neglect.
Sociocultural Factors
- War and Violence: Exposure to conflict can lead to PTSD and other disorders.
- Deviance-Producing Social Roles: Roles that encourage antisocial or harmful behavior
- Prejudice and Discrimination: Group bias and marginalization lead to stress and mental health issues.
- Economic and Employment Problems: Financial instability contributes to anxiety and depression.
- Technological and Social Change: Rapid change can lead to stress, isolation, and feelings of inadequacy.
