Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History - 10 > Lesson 2- Ancient Settlements > Flashcards

Lesson 2- Ancient Settlements Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

When did Sri Lanka become a human habitation?

A

125 000 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homo Sapiens migrated to this country through what ocean?

A

The Indian Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 3 stages that the Sri Lankan history of human existence has been divided to

A
  1. Pre-historic era
  2. Proto-historic era
  3. Early historic era
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Pre-historic era?

A

The period before historical records were taken into writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the two cultural stages of the pre-historic era

A
  1. Stone age
  2. The period where herbal food was consumed prominently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to what did early man decide their habitations?

A

According to climatic conditions/zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the two main ways of pre-historic man’s food gathering?

A
  1. Roaming
  2. Hunting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 2 places where evidence of the Stone Age was found in Sri Lanka

A
  1. The Rathnapura gem mines
  2. The Iranamadu foundation

Stone tools and animal bones too were found about 90 feet underground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What caused gravel layers to deposit in the lowlands?

A

The erosion of mountain regions

Occured mostly during the Pleistocene geographical era

In the Pleistocene geographical era, heavy rains were present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Iranamadu foundation?

A

The gravel layer covered with sandy soil mixed with clay in the semi-arid zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was the Iranamadu foundation formed?

A

During the short warm periods of the Pleistocene geographical era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The 6 main climate zones of the Stone age

A
  1. Arid-zone
  2. Semi-arid zone
  3. Lowland dry zone
  4. Lowland intermediate dry zone
  5. Mountainous dry intermediate zone
  6. Wet zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The area, district and province of the gravel layer found in the Iranamadu foundation at a depth of 45 feet.

A

Pathirajawela, Hambantota district, Southern Province

This gravel layer was 125 000 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The area, district and province of the gravel layer found at a depth of 24 ft.

A

Bunala, Wellangoda, Hambantota district, Southern Province

This gravel layer is belived to be 80 000 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The time period of the Stone Age

A

125 000 - 1 800B.C. (Approximately)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Pahiyangala cave?

A

38 000 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Kuruwita Batadombalena?

A

28 000 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Kitulgala Belilena?

A

15 000 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Bellanbendipelassa?

A

12 000 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Attanagoda Alulena?

A

10 350 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Maniyamgala?

A

7 900 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Sigiriya Pothana?

A

5 800 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Sigiriya Aligala?

A

5 500 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Udamalala?

A

5 330 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Information which dates back to how many years ago can be found in Mathota?

A

3 800 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is Pahiyangala located?

A

Bulathsinhala in the Kaluthara District

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What information can be identified through the cave in Pahiyangala?

A

Information regarding pre-historic people living in the lowland wet zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why did pre-historic man live in places such as lowland rain forests, dry zone forests, coastal lagoons, creeks and hill country grasslands?

A

Abundance of water and availabity of numerous stones to make tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where did pre-historic man live in the dry season?

A

Open areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where did pre-historic man live in the rainy season?

A

Natural caves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name 3 outdoor camps in the coastal areas

A
  1. Minhagalkanda
  2. Bundala
  3. Pathirajawela
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name 3 lowland wet zone caves

A
  1. Pahiyangala
  2. Batadombalena
  3. Kithulgala belilena
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name 2 lowland dry zone caves

A
  1. Pothana in Sigiriya
  2. Aligala in Sigiriya
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Name an outdoor camp in the lowland wet zone

A

Bellanbendipelessa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Name 2 outdoor hunting places in the hillside areas

A
  1. Bandarawela
  2. Horton plains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why did pre-historic man live a nomadic life?

A

Because they were migrating from place to place(roaming) and hunting for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pre-historic man’s groups usually consisted of how many members?

A

15-20 members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the maximum number of members belived to be in a group of pre-historic man?

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How many square meters were enough for a group of 5 members?

A

50 square meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where is Church Hill located?

A

In Bandarawela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the area of Church Hill?

A

150 square meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How many people lived in Church Hill?

A

25 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The community of a place in Bellanbendipelessa lived in an area of how many square meters?

A

120 square meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How many human skeletons were found in Bellanbendipelessa?

A

30 human skeletons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the name of the tools used by pre-historic man?

A

Geometric micro stone tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

About how far did pre-historic man walk in search of food?

A

About 7km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Why did pre-historic man sometimes bury dead bodies in caves?

A

Because they lived there temporarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Name 2 ways in which pre-historic man had buried dead bodies

A
  1. Burying bodies in the caves they lived in
  2. Digging up a pit with a horn or stick, placing the body in the pit and covering it up with garbage. (12 skeletons were found in Kithulgala belilena buried in this manner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which age did the 30 skeletons buried in Bellanbendipelessa belong to?

A

The Stonge age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Where were 9 skeletons belonging to different ages found?

A

In a cave in Pahiyangala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The nature of what can be identified through caves in the lowland dry zone and wet land?

A

The nature of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Name 17 animals pre-historic man hunted and consumed

A
  1. Gaur
  2. Buffalo
  3. Black bear
  4. Wild boar
  5. Deer
  6. Spotted deer
  7. Mongoose
  8. Wild fowl
  9. Monkey
  10. Civet cat
  11. Iguana
  12. Fish
  13. Porcupine
  14. Hedgehog
  15. Hare
  16. Stag
  17. Giant squirrel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Which zone were small fish caught in natural ponds in?

A

In the lowland wet zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

2 plant food eaten by pre-historic man to gain starch

A
  1. Wild breadfruit
  2. Wild plantains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Where was the evidence regarding wild breadfruit being baked and eaten 12 500 years ago found?

A

In Kithulgala Belilena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

4 food rich in starch eaten by pre-historic man

A
  1. Gonala
  2. Katuala
  3. Seeds of Kithul
  4. Kernel of Dothalu
57
Q

Where did pre-historic man find tree-snails and oysters?

A

In lagoons

58
Q

Evidence regarding the use of salt in food can be found in …..

A

Kithulgala Belilena

59
Q

Why were pre-historic man’s tools called ‘Geometric micro stone tools’?

A

Because they had geometric shapes

60
Q

How long were the stone tools made back then?

A

4.5cm

61
Q

2 materials used to make stone tools

A
  1. Quartz
  2. Kahanda stones
62
Q

What are the uses of stone tools for pre-historic man?

A

Cutting, chopping, digging, hunting

63
Q

What are the average heights of males and females during the pre-historic era respectively?

A

174cm and 166cm

64
Q

Describe the facial stature of pre-historic man

A

Large teeth, having a wide nose and chin

65
Q

What are the sizes of the brains of males and females during the pre-historic period?

A

Male - 1600 cubic cm
Female - 900 cubic cm

66
Q

The average lifespan of pre-historic man

A

35-40 years

67
Q

Name the place where a perforated skull was found

One side of the skull was also covered in red ochre

A

In Rawana Ella, near Badulla

68
Q

The place where human skeletons covered in red ochre were found

A

In a cave in Pahiyangala

69
Q

A place where dead bodies had been curled and buried

A

Kuruwita Batadomba lena

70
Q

Who are aborigines?

A

The Vedda community

71
Q

What is the proto-historic era?

A

The era between the pre-historic era and the historic era

72
Q

Name some significances which contrast the pre-historic era and the proto-historic era

A

In the proto-historic era,
methodical burial systems started,
the technology of making burnt clay pots started,
the use of iron started,
agricultural activities were started
settlements were permanent.

73
Q

What is the proto-historic Iron Age?

A

The period in which the use of iron tools began

74
Q

When was the use of iron tools fully adapted?

A

At the final stage of the proto-historic era

75
Q

What is believed to have caused cultural changes of proto-historic man?

A

Long term geographical changes

76
Q

The time period of the climatic change that affected the entire South Asian region

A

7000B.C. - 4500B.C.

77
Q

The name of the climatic change that occurred in the South Asian region from 7000B.C.-4500B.C.

A

(Middle of) The Geo-Holocene period/era

This was also the end of the Ice Age

78
Q

What year does the oldest proof of the proto-historic period belong to?

A

2400B.C.

79
Q

Where was clear evidence regarding the proto-historic era found?

A

North-east of the Sabaragmuwa province
South-west of the Uva province

80
Q

Name 3 burial sites that belonged to the period between 750B.C. and 450B.C. which were part of the proto-historic era alongside the area they were found in.

A
  1. Ibbankatuwa, Dambulla, Central Province
  2. Galsohonkanaththa, Yapahuwa
  3. Yatigalpoththa, Galewela

These belonged to the megalithic burial tradition

81
Q

What are urn burials?

A

Burials in which dead bodies were deposited in urns

82
Q

Name 2 places where clay tub burials were performed in the proto-historic era

A
  1. Beragala, Uva province
  2. Haldumulla, Uva province
83
Q

What is sedentism?

A

The practice of living in one place for a long time

84
Q

When was the Udaranchamadama house found?

A

2009

85
Q

Which district is the Udaranchamadama house in?

A

Rathnapura

86
Q

What are the dimensions of the Udaranchamadama house?

A

10.2m X 6.8m

87
Q

What are the dimensions of the Udaranchamadama house?

A

10.2m X 6.8m

88
Q

What were the walls of the Udaranchamadama house made of?

A

Wattle and daub

89
Q

What was the roof of the Udaranchamadama house made of?

A

Something similar to ‘Iluk’

90
Q

When was the Udaranchamadama house built?

A

3000 years ago

91
Q

Name 6 things found inside the Udaranchamadama house that helps us understand the lifestyle of prot-historic man

A
  1. A pot painted in red lines
  2. Stone and iron tools
  3. Animal bones
  4. Clay beads
  5. An iron stick
  6. Two brown stones
  7. Two grinding stones
92
Q

Write 4 items found inside the Udaranchamadama house and what each of those items depict about the lifestyle of proto-historic man

A
  1. The pot - Engagement in the pottery
  2. Iron tools - Development in craftsmanship/technology of tools
  3. Animal bones - Hunting was not fully abandoned
  4. The iron stick - Consideration of beauty of women
93
Q

When was the clay pot found in Udaranchamadama made?

A

1129B.C.

94
Q

What is the time period of the early historical period?

A

450B.C. - 300A.D

95
Q

What is the main source of identifying the areas in which historic settlements had been established?

A

The expansion of small village tanks

96
Q

Close to what were most villages of the historic period built?

A

Close to tanks

97
Q

5 Factors that influenced the expansion of settlements

A
  1. Annual rainfall
  2. Nature of soil
  3. Abundance of resources
  4. Geo-diversity
  5. Drainage
98
Q

What is the zone which has an annual rainfall of 1000ml - 1250ml?

A

The dry zone

99
Q

What is the zone which has an annual rainfall less than 1000ml?

A

The arid zone

100
Q

Why did man establish settlements in the dry zone even though water was scarce?

A

Because there was soil which was fertile and suitable for agriculture

101
Q

What is the name of the soil present in the dry zone?

A

Red-brown soil

102
Q

What are the 2 ways in which man received water in dry zones?

A
  1. By monsoons
  2. River water
103
Q

Why did man construct tanks more often rather than anicuts and canals which carry water from rivers?

A

Constructing anicuts and canals was too labour intensive and time consuming

104
Q

Why did man construct settlements outside river valleys before the 1st Century B.C.?

A

Because there was no flood-control technology at that time

105
Q

When did man start controlling floods by constructing anicuts across rivers?

A

At the end of the 1st Century B.C. or during the 1st Century A.D.

106
Q

What is King Ilanaga’s ruling period?

A

33A.D.-43A.D.

107
Q

What tank did King Ilanaga construct?

A

The Tissamaharama tank

108
Q

Where was the word ‘Avarana’ inscribed?

A

In Brahmi inscriptions in the caves in Ganekanda temple and Gallena temple in Kurunegala

109
Q

What is the meaning of Avarana?

A

Amuna(anicut)

110
Q

What is Vapigama?

A

The name used to refer to settlements built on the basis of tanks

111
Q

4 villages built around tanks mentioned in the Mahawamsa

A
  1. Sumanavapigama
  2. Viharavapigama
  3. Hundirivapigama
  4. Kadahavapigama
112
Q

6 types of tanks categorized according to the professions of people who lived there with meanings

A
  1. Kasikaragama - Villages where farmers lived
  2. Manikaragama - Villages where gem miners lived
  3. Gopalagama - Villages where cowherds lived
  4. Kewattagma - Villages where fishermen lived
  5. Kumbhakaragama - Villages where potters lived
  6. Vadtakigama - VIllages where carpenters lived
113
Q

The meanings of Pattanagama, Niyamgam and Olagam

A
  1. Pattanagama - Villages situated close to harbours
  2. Niyamgam - Trading villages
  3. Olagam - villages around tanks deserted by people
114
Q

What is thte size of a small-scale village?

A

Less than 0.15 hectares

115
Q

What is the size of a medium-scale village?

A

About 2 hectares

116
Q

What is the size of a large-scale village?

A

More than 2 hecatres

117
Q

How many families live in villages on average?

A

5 - 6 families

118
Q

How many families live in villages on average?

A

5 - 6 families

119
Q

According to literary sources, about ….. families have lived in some large-scale villages

A

30

120
Q

By the 6th Century A.D., what was the population of the Magama city and cities adjacent to it?

A

35 000

121
Q

What are the names given to villages protected by fences and not protected by fences respectively?

A

Parikitta gam and aparikitta gam

122
Q

What was the name used to introduce vast urban settlements?

A

Pura (city)

123
Q

What was the word mentioned in Brahmi inscriptions written in 250 B.C. that referred to the main architect of a city?

A

Pura Kamatha

124
Q

What is the meaning of the word Nurapura and where was it mentioned?

A

Meaning - Anuradhapura
Mentioned - In the Panakaduwa Copper plate written by KIng Vijayabahu I (1055 - 1110 A.D.)

125
Q

What was King Vijayabahu I’s ruling period?

A

1055A.D.-1110A.D.

126
Q

What is a Nagara/Nakara?

A

A settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city

127
Q

Taking commodities produced in villages for trading in big cities was coordinated by what?

A

Nagara/Nakara

128
Q

Who is the chief householder?

A

The gahapathi

129
Q

Who acted on behalf of a few chief householders?

Also called the chief of a village

A

The Gamika/ Gramika

130
Q

What is the name given to the panel of ten chief householders?

A

Dasa Gam Eththan

131
Q

What are the duties of Dasa Gam Eththan?

A

Solving administrative issues in an area of ten vilages

132
Q

Name an evidence which shows that Dasa Gam Eththan should work together to solve a problem regarding the alms- giving

A

An inscription at the Buddhist temple called Kaludiya Pokuna in Dambulla, Matale

133
Q

What were the wallls and roofs of houses in Anuradhapura made out of?

A

Walls - wattle, daub
Roof - thatched with leaves

133
Q

What were the wallls and roofs of houses in Anuradhapura made out of?

A

Walls - wattle, daub
Roof - thatched with leaves

134
Q

Name a village in which the marks of an ancient house were found in alongside the area it was located

A

Walagampaththuwa in Tissamaharamaya

135
Q

How was the floor of the house in Walagampaththuwa made?

A

By digging the ground and adding clay

136
Q

When was the house in Walagampaththuwa used?

A

3rd Century A.D.

137
Q

What was the means of subsistence of people who lived in areas away from overflowing river valleys?

A

Chena cultivation

138
Q

4 Chena crops that grow in the dry zone

A
  1. Kurakkan
  2. Meneri
  3. Sesame
  4. Thanahal

History - 10 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions