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Communication Sciences and Disorders > Lesson 2- Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Lesson 2- Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of body structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body function

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3
Q

Superior/Cranial

A

Toward the top

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4
Q

Inferior/Caudal

A

Toward the bottom

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5
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Toward the front or abdomen

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6
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Toward the back

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7
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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8
Q

Lateral/Peripheral

A

Toward the side

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9
Q

External/Superficial

A

Toward the surface

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10
Q

Internal/Deep

A

Toward the inside

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the body

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12
Q

Origin

A

Where the muscle begins

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13
Q

Insertion

A

Where the muscle ends

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14
Q

Action

A

What the muscle does

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15
Q

Respiration

A

PULMONARY- air generated from the lungs

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16
Q

Phonation

A

LARYNGEAL- Airflow vibrates vocal folds

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17
Q

Articulation and Resonance

A

Sound is shaped by the vocal tract and articulators

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18
Q

What is the generating source of speech?

A

Respiration

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19
Q

What are the functions of Respiration

A
  1. Supply Oxygen to the blood
  2. Remove excess carbon dioxide from the body
  3. Generating source for speech production
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20
Q

What are the components of the structural framework of respiration

A
  1. Vertebral collum
    2.Thorax
    3.Pectoral Girdle
  2. Pelvic Girdle
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21
Q

What are the components of the Vertebral Collum

A

Cervical vertebrae (7)
Thoracic vertebrae (12)
Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Sacral and Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccygeal and Coccyx (3-5 fused)

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22
Q

What are the components of the Thorax

A

Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs

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23
Q

What are the components of the ribs

A

True (7)
False (3)
Floating (2)

24
Q

What are the components of the Pectoral Girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula

25
Q

What are the components of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Pelvic Bones

26
Q

What are the primary structures of Respiration

A

Trachea
Lungs
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Muscles

27
Q

What is needed to have one full respiratory cycle

A

One inhalation and One exhalation

28
Q

Quiet Breathing

A

Everyday breathing

28
Q

What is the purpose of Quiet Breathing

A

Supplies oxygen to the blood
Removes excess carbon dioxide from the body

28
Q

What is the purpose of Speech Breathing

A

Generating source for speech production

28
Q

What are the biological functions of the Larynx

A

Protect the airway
Build-up pressure

29
Q

Speech Breathing

A

Breathing to produce speech

30
Q

What are the non-biological functions of the Larynx

A

Sound generator for speech production
Adjust voice pitch, loudness, and quality

31
Q

Location of the Larynx

A

Superior to trachea
Anterior to cervical vertebrae
Anterior to esophagus

32
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

NOT PART OF THE LARYNX
Point of attachment

33
Q

Cartilages of the Larynx

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid

34
Q

Epiglottis Cartilage

A

Leaf-shaped
Elastic
Attaches to thyroid cartilage
MOVES TO COVER LARYNX

35
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

Largest
Forms anterior and lateral walls
Laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)

36
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Inferior to Thyroid
Superior to Trachea
Ring Shaped
FORMS INFERIOR BORDER

37
Q

Arytenoid Cartilages

A

2 smallest cartilages
Pyramid-shaped
FORMS POSTERIOR BORDER
MOVEMENT MAKES VOCAL CORDS OPEN AND CLOSE

38
Q

Musculature of the Larynx

A

Extrinsic Muscles
Intrinsic Muscles
Adductors
Abductors

39
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Connect to structures outside the larynx

40
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Connect to structures within the larynx

41
Q

Adductors

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoids

42
Q

What do the Adductors do?

A

Pushes the vocal folds together

43
Q

Abductors

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

44
Q

What do the Abductors do?

A

Pull the vocal folds apart

45
Q

Vocal Folds

A

Bands of muscle and tissue that vibrate to create sound

46
Q

Adduct

A

Come together

47
Q

Abduct

A

Move apart

48
Q

Glottis

A

Variable space between the vocal folds

49
Q

Voiced Sound

A

Vibrates throat
EX “ZZ”

50
Q

Voiceless Sound

A

No throat vibrations
EX “SS”

51
Q

What are the Voice Dimensions

A

Pitch
Loudness
Quality

52
Q

Pitch

A

Perception of highness or lowness of a voice

53
Q

Loudness

A

Perception of softness or loudness of a voice

54
Q

Quality

A

Perception of smooth vs rough; clear vs breathy

Communication Sciences and Disorders (1 decks)

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