lesson 2-5 science Flashcards
Describes how electrons are distributed in the different orbital around the nucleus of an atom.
Electron Configuration
-The area where electrons are located in an atom
ENERGY LEVEL
-A division of an energy level that are denoted by the letters: s, p, d or f.
SUBLEVEL OR SUBSHELL
-Space in atom occupied by electrons and are classified by their shape.
ORBITALS
S, full name and shape
Sharp, spherical
P full name and shape
Principal,Dumbbell
D full name and shape
DIffuse, complex shapes
F full name and shape
Fundamental Complex shapes
-Also called the Building-Up Principle, states that electron’s occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy.
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
-States that when electrons occupy a sublevel with more than one orbital, they must first occupy the empty orbitals before pairing up with them.
HUND’S RULE
-States that NO more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital and two electrons in the same orbital must have OPPOSITE spins.
PAULI’S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
The electrons occupying the outermost shell or highest Energy level of an atom that are not filled
VALENCE ELECTRON
Electrons occupying the innermost shell or lowest Energy levels
CORE ELECTRON
A shorthand way to represent the valence electrons of an atom using Dots, named after Gilbert Newton Lewis.
Lewis Electron Dot Structures (LEDS)
Also known as Wave Mechanical Mod- It is developed by Louie de Broglie, Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Karl Heisenberg.
Quantum Mechanical Model
A set of values that can describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom
Quantum Numbers
-Designates the Energy Level of each atomic orbital in which the electron
moves.
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBERS
-Describes the shape of a given orbital and depends on the principal Quantum number.
AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBERS
-The number of orbitals and their orientation within a subshell.
- The value of ml is dependent on the value of (. For a given value of l, the value of ml ranges between the interval -I to +1 including 0.
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBERS
-The direction of the electron spin and may have a spin of +1/2 represented by ↑, or -1/2, represented by down arrow
. ELECRON SPIN QUANTUM NUMBERS
A force of attraction between atoms or ions that joins them together to form COMPOUNDS.
Happens in Valence Shell until it attains a STABLE number of V.E of 8
Chemical Bonding
States that elements gain, lose or share electrons to achieve Eight electrons only in their full outer shells. Furthermore, the atom does this by bonding with each other.
OCTET RULE
- a substance made up of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
COMPOUNDS
Transfer of electron between metallic and nonmetallic elements.
IONIC BOND
