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Community Health > Lesson 2/3 > Flashcards

Lesson 2/3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is community assessment?

A

an assessment that identifies key health factors of a community , achieve goals, and collaborate effectively

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2
Q

How do you do it and why?

A
  1. Health status (mortality, morbidity, indicators)
  2. Structure of the community ( environment, culture, services)
  3. Competence (how well the community works together)

To gather information
Provide data baseline
Identify areas in need of improvement

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3
Q

What is a comprehensive assessment?

A

health departments and hospitals use a collection of data about populations living in a community

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4
Q

What is population focused assessments?

A

an aggregate or community that shares one similar issue

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5
Q

What is setting specific assessment?

A

identify indicators specific to the setting

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6
Q

What is problem or health issue based assessment?

A

determines who is at risk

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7
Q

What is health impact assessment?

A

provides advice to the community on optimizing its health by identifying potential effects within the population

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8
Q

What is rapid needs assessment?

A

measure the present and potential public health impact of an emergency

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9
Q

What are data sources?

A

various ways data is collected and used for analysis, decision-making, or research

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10
Q

What are primary sources?

A

Data collected from primary investigators
Ex: key informants, focus groups, community mapping , primary data

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11
Q

What are Secondary sources?

A

data that is collected other than firsthand
Ex: websites, printed magazines

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12
Q

What does it mean to say community as client?

A

The community is ONLY the client when the focus is the collective or common good of the population and not the individual health

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13
Q

What are tools for program planning?

A

MAPP (tool for understanding community health status and resources)
Precede/Proceed
Logic Model (5 steps; systematic approach to evaluating health outcomes and resources)

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14
Q

What is program planning? Why do we do it and how?

A

It is one of the 10 PH essential services.

This process helps a community understand where they are to where they would like to be.

  1. identify potential problems
  2. develop measurable goals and outcome objectives to assess progress
  3. select effective interventions
  4. implement interventions
  5. evaluate the interventions based on the objectives
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15
Q

How do you write a nursing diagnosis for a community?

A
  1. Risk or actual (identify the specific risk the community faces)
  2. Among (the specific population that is affected by the problem or risk)
  3. Related to (strengths/weaknesses/influencing the issues)
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16
Q

How do you evaluate a program?

A
  1. decide who should participate
  2. develop questions
  3. put a budget
  4. figure out internal or external evaluations
  5. determine data collection
  6. collect data
  7. analyze and interpret data
  8. communicate findings to shareholders
  9. show evidence for and to improve the program
17
Q

What is program evaluation?

A

collection of info about activities and outcomes to enhance a program & its effectiveness (provides useful feedback)

18
Q

What is formative evaluation?

A

occurs during the forming of activities and being implemented for the first time (Opportunities for corrective feedback)

19
Q

What is Process evaluation?

A

investigate the process of delivering the program (detailed info on how it works)

20
Q

What is summative evaluation?

A

reviews objectives and goals of the program, discovering if the inventions achieved the intended changes

21
Q

What are the levels of prevention?

A

Primary prevention: prevent the development of disease (education, promoting health, providing protection)

Secondary prevention: early detection and treatment of disease (screenings, blood sugar test, mamograms, community assessments)

tertiary prevention: Prevention of disability and premature death (get adjusted to disease, minimize suffering, support groups, physical therapy)

22
Q

What is Health Literacy?

A

reflects how well a person can locate, understand, and apply health information and services to the health-related actions and decisions they make for themselves.

23
Q

The intervention wheel is _____ based?

A

Population

24
Q

What are system levels of practice?

A

Systems levels of practice: changes policies, laws, organizations, and power structures within communities.

Ex: conducting compliance checks to ensure that bars and liquor stores do not serve minors or sell to individuals who supply alcohol to minors

25
Q

What is community levels of practice?

A

changes community norms, community attitudes, community awareness/behaviors, community practices

Ex: a social marketing campaign to promote a community norm that serving alcohol to under-aged youth at highschool graduation parties is unacceptable

26
Q

What is individual level practice?

A

changes knowledge, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals

Ex: teaching effective refusal skills to groups of adolescents

27
Q

What is the health impact pyramid?

A

the biggest impacts are at the bottom, but it will take more effort

28
Q

What are models of prevention?

A

Continuum of health prevention model:
Universal interventions (public health media campaigns)

Selective interventions ( targets everyone in the subgroup; aimed at the subset of the population who has an increased risk for developing diseases; high risk but not higher than indicated)

Indicated interventions (provided to a population with a high probability of getting the disease; focuses on individuals with an even higher risk; significant likeihood)

29
Q

How is prevention delivered?

A

Clinical (1-1 delivery method between the provider and family)

Behavioral (changing individual behaviors aimed at health promotion)

Environmental (improving the safety of the environment)

30
Q

the educational process/step

A

1.Identify educational needs
2.Establish educational goals and objectives
3.Select appropriate education methods
4.Implement the educational plan
5.Evaluate the educational process

31
Q

What makes a successful screening?

A

It is reliable ( give consistent results/repeatability) and valid ( accuracy)
Sensitivity (ability to give a positive finding when the person truly has the disease)
Specificity (ability to give negative findings when the person truly does not have the disease)

32
Q

Ethics of screening

A

It is unethical to conduct a screening if resources for afterward are not available

Community Health (3 decks)

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