Lesson 2

Question 0

Protective factors that positively impact health:

Answer 0

• healthy conditions/environment (e.g. regular supply of nutritious foods and water, affordable housing)
• positive psychosocial factors (e.g. strong social network, positive self-esteem)
• healthy lifestyle factors (e.g. regular physical activities, safe sexual activity)
• effective health services (e.g. culturally appropriate health services, access to preventative services)

Question 1

Risk factors that play major roles in a person’s health.

Answer 1

• behavioral factors (e.g. lifestyle, health related habits)
• risk conditions (e.g. the environment, living standards)
• negative psychological factors (e.g. stress, risk taking, lack of social support)
• physiological factors (e.g. high blood pressure, genetic predisposition)

Question 2

Behavioral risk factors:

Answer 2

• smoking
• poor nutritional intake
• physical inactivity
• substance abuse
• poor hygiene
• overweight/obese
• unsafe sexual activity

Question 3

Risk conditions:

Answer 3

• poverty
• low social status
• dangerous work
• polluted environment
• natural resource depletion
• discrimination
• steep power hierarchy within a community and workplace

Question 4

Physiological risk factors:

Answer 4

• high blood pressure
• high cholesterol
• release of stress hormone
• altered levels of biochemical markers
• genetic factor

Question 5

Psychological risk factors:

Answer 5

• isolation
• lack of social support
• poor social networks
• low self-esteem
• high self-blame
• low perceived power
• loss of meaning or purpose
• abuse

Question 6

Effective health services:

Answer 6

• provision of preventative services
• access to culturally appropriate health services
• community participation in the planning and delivery of health service

Question 7

Healthy conditions and environments:

Answer 7

• safe physical environments
• supportive economic and social conditions
• regular supply of nutritious food and water
• restricted access to tobacco and drugs
• healthy public policy and organizational practice
• provision for meaningful, paid employment
• provision of affordable housing

Question 8

Healthy lifestyles:

Answer 8

• decreased use of tobacco and drugs
• regular physical activity
• balanced nutritional intake
• positive mental health
• safe sexual activity

Question 9

Psychosocial factors:

Answer 9

• participation in civil activities
• social engagement
• strong social networks
• feeling of trust
• feeling of power and control over life decisions
• supportive family structure
• positive self-esteem