Lesson 2

Question 1

works in Astronomy, incorporated into their temples and other religious structures.
- eclipse prediction
- astrological cycles in planting and harvesting
- complicated calendar system

Answer 1

Mayan Civilization

Question 2

• roads paved with stones
• irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of land
• calendar with 12 months

Answer 2

Inca Civilization

Question 3

• Mandatory education
• Antipasmodic medication (passion flower)
• Aztec calendar
• Invention of canoe

Answer 3

Aztec

Question 4

had mandatory education for all children, regardless of social status.

Answer 4

Aztec

Question 5

_______ was a top priority for the Aztecs, and they had a sophisticated education system

Answer 5

Education

Question 6

All children learned the _________, a collection of sayings that taught Aztec ideas and values

Answer 6

huehuetlatolli

Question 7

was a religious college where students could train as priests or political administrators

Answer 7

Calmecac

Question 8

focused on military expertise

Answer 8

Cuicacalli

Question 9

was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, stretching from Ecuador to Chile. It was centered in the Andes Mountains and lasted from ____________

Answer 9

The Inca Empire (from 1438 to 1533)

Question 10

refers to the period and cultures that existed in the Americas before Christopher Columbus’s arrival in 1492. This era is also known as the pre-contact era.

Answer 10

Pre-Columbian America

Question 11

• Iron and metallurgical works
• medicine, Ayurveda
  -Notable in the field of Astronomy-developed theories on the configuration of the universe.
  -Sushruta Samhita

Answer 11

India

Question 12

Examples of some of his groundbreaking operations include rhinoplasty (the repairing or remaking of a nose), removal of a dead fetus, and lithotomy (surgical incision into hollow organs such as the urinary bladder to remove stones, or calculi)

Answer 12

Sushruta Samhita surgeries.

Question 13

• Traditional medicines
• Compass
• Papermaking and Printing tools
• Gunpowder

Answer 13

China

Question 14

is a collection of medical practices that originated in China thousands of years ago. It includes acupuncture, herbal medicine, moxibustion, tai chi, and cupping therapy.

Answer 14

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Question 15

Reestablishes homeostasis by influencing the immune system, inflammatory response, and more
Therapeutic effects are achieved by stimulating specific points on the body

Answer 15

Acupuncture

Question 16

Uses mixtures of herbs to treat various ailments
Includes red ginseng, which is a natural substance that helps the body adapt to stress
Includes Chinese angelica, which is often used to treat menstrual disorders

Answer 16

Herbal Medicine

Question 17

Uses heat to stimulate receptors in the skin at acupoints
Results in vasoconstriction at the treated point and vasodilatation around it

Answer 17

Moxibustion

Question 18

A combination of gentle movements, breathing, meditation, and relaxation
Has been shown to improve balance and prevent falls in older people

Answer 18

Tai Chi

Question 19

Uses small cups to create suction on the skin, breaking open tiny blood vessels
The body replenishes blood to the cupped areas to prompt healing

Answer 19

Cupping Therapy

Question 20

The three main types of calendar

Answer 20

Solar Calendar
Lunar Calendar
Lunisolar Calendar

Question 21

Focus on the moon’s phases
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar that’s used for religious holidays

Answer 21

Lunar Calendar

Question 22

Use the sun to track seasons for planting and harvesting
The _________ was a solar calendar with months of fixed lengths

Answer 22

Solar Calendar, Julian calendar

Question 24

Combine both solar and lunar cycles
The _________is a lunisolar calendar that’s used to calculate time and schedule religious festivals

Answer 24

Lunisolar Calendar, Hindu calendar

Question 25

The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the?

Answer 25

Lunisolar Calendar

Question 26

The Chinese calendar has a twofold name for each year,

Answer 26

with a celestial and terrestrial component

Question 27

This calendar is used in Iran and Afghanistan

Answer 27

Solar Hijri

Question 28

Father of Optics in middle east countries

Answer 28

Abu Ali al Hasan ibn al-Haytham

Question 29

gave his name to the concept of the algorithm. - Algebra is derived from Al-jabr - Arabic Numerical System, Modern Chemistry And Science of Experimental Medicine

Answer 29

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Question 30

was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq. Referred to as "the father of modern optics", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular.

Answer 30

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

Question 31

He translated and adapted significant mathematical and scientific texts from earlier Greek and Indian scholars. He revised and updated one of Ptolemy's books on cartography and geography. He is known as the father of algebra. The word 'algebra' comes from the title of one of his most famous books.

Answer 31

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Question 32

Science in Asia -Middle East Countries

Answer 32

Islam, Arabic language - Acess to Greek text -Science experiments rather than thought experiment - Scientific method, Empirical observations

Question 33

Beginning about the 6th century bce, the Greeks gathered and extended this practical knowledge and from it generalized the abstract subject now known as ______

Answer 33

geometry

Question 34

from the combination of the Greek words _____ (“Earth”) and _____ (“measure”) for the measurement of the Earth.

Answer 34

Geometry, geo and metron

Question 35

made a thorough examination of the passage of light through various media and discovered the laws of refraction.

Answer 35

Ibn al-Haytham

Question 36

is the bending of light or sound as it passes through something like a wall (sound) or a window (light). He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of light into its constituent colors.

Answer 36

Refraction

Question 37

Development of Geometry Egyptians Pyramid and Early Dams

Answer 37

Science in Africa

Question 38

center of Alchemy

Answer 38

Egypt

Question 39

Three types of calendar in Africa

Answer 39

Lunar, Stellar, Solar

Question 40

is the practice of using spirituality or science to transform one type of matter into another.

Answer 40

Alchemy

Question 41

is the historical precursor to chemistry. The most famous example of this is the quest to turn lead into gold.

Answer 41

Alchemy

Question 42

is defined as a process that is used for the extraction of metals in their pure form

Answer 42

Metallurgy

Question 43

The compounds of metals mixed with soil, limestone, sand, and rocks are known as

Answer 43

Minerals

Question 44

are commercially extracted from minerals at low cost and minimum effort.

Answer 44

Metals

Question 45

Minerals are known as?

Answer 45

Ores

Question 46

is a baboon fibula with 29 notches that was discovered in Border Cave in the Lebombo Mountains. It's the oldest known mathematical artifact in the world, dating back to around 35,000 BC.

Answer 46

Lebombo bone