Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is the main difference between sex and gender?
Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to the roles, behaviors, and identities that society attributes to individuals based on their sex.
Understanding this distinction is fundamental for gender sensitivity and responsiveness.
Define gender roles.
Gender roles are the expectations and norms regarding how males and females should behave, influenced by societal values and beliefs about gender.
These roles are learned behaviors shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors.
What influences gender roles?
Gender roles are influenced by:
* Age
* Class
* Race
* Ethnicity
* Religion
* Geographical, economic, and political environment
These factors determine societal expectations for behavior based on gender.
What is culture in the context of gender?
Culture encompasses the distinctive patterns of ideas, beliefs, and norms that characterize a society’s way of life and social relations.
Culturally determined gender ideologies dictate rights, responsibilities, and behaviors deemed appropriate for women and men.
What is gender analysis?
Gender analysis is the systematic examination of gender differences and social relations to identify and address inequities based on gender.
It is crucial for development planning and gender mainstreaming.
What are the main types of gender discrimination?
Types of gender discrimination include:
* Discrimination in education
* Discrimination in employment (hiring, pay, promotions, firing)
* Maternity and pregnancy discrimination
Each type reflects systemic biases that disadvantage individuals based on their gender.
What is the gender division of labor?
The gender division of labor refers to the socially constructed roles and activities deemed appropriate for women and men.
This division often results in women’s roles being undervalued compared to men’s.
What is gender equality?
Gender equality means women having the same opportunities as men in various aspects of life.
It focuses on formal equality, not necessarily ensuring equal outcomes.
What is gender equity?
Gender equity involves recognizing and addressing the different needs and interests of women and men to achieve equivalent life outcomes.
It requires redistributing power and resources for transformative change.
What are gender relations?
Gender relations are the hierarchical power dynamics between women and men that often disadvantage women.
These relations are socially determined and can change over time.
True or False: Culture is static and unchangeable.
False.
Culture is fluid and can evolve, contrary to the belief that it is fixed.
Fill in the blank: The systematic, unfavorable treatment of individuals based on their gender is known as _______.
[gender discrimination]
List three approaches to gender analysis.
- Gender Roles (Harvard Framework)
- Social Relations Approach
- Moser/DPU Framework
These frameworks help in understanding gender dynamics and planning for equality.
What is the ‘glass ceiling’?
The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in a corporate hierarchy.
This phenomenon reflects systemic discrimination in promotions and career advancement.
What are culturally determined gender ideologies?
Culturally determined gender ideologies define what is considered appropriate behavior for women and men, influencing rights, responsibilities, and access to resources.
These ideologies often reinforce male dominance and female subordination.
