Lesson 2 Flashcards
two
to six, referred to as
Early chuldhood
OVERALL PHYSICAL GROWTH
- grow about 3 inches in height and gain about 4 to 5 pounds in weight each year.
- average 2-year-old weighs between 23 and 28 pounds and stands between 33 and 35 inches tall.
- The average 6-year-old weighs between 40 and 50 pounds and is about 44 to 47 inches in height.
- The 3-year-old is still very similar to a toddler with a large head, large stomach, short arms and legs.
- By the time the child reaches age 6, the torso has lengthened, and body proportions have become more like
those of adults.
JEAN PIAGET’S PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
a. Symbolic function substage occurs between 2 and 4 years of age and is characterized by the child being able to mentally represent an object that is not present and a dependence on perception in problem solving.
b. Intuitive thought substage, lasting from 4 to 7 years, is marked by greater dependence on intuitive thinking rather than just perception
in early childhood refers to the tendency of young children not to be able to take the perspective of
others, and instead the child thinks that everyone sees, thinks, and feels just as they do.
Egocentrism
that is focused on the child and does not include another’s point of view.
Egocentric speech
refers to the ability to recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity.
Conservation error
Preoperational children have difficulty understanding that an object can be classified in more
than one way.
Classification errors
refers to attributing life-like qualities to objects.
Animisms
SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
LEV VYGOTSKY
occurs when they can almost perform a task, but not quite on their
own without assistance.
Zone Of Proximal Development (ZPD)
is the temporary support that parents or teachers give a child to do a task.
Scaffolding
Children talk to themselves when struggling with a problem, trying to remember
something, or feel very emotional about a situation.
private speech
is the first stage of the memory system, and it stores
sensory input in its raw form for a very brief duration; essentially long enough for the brain to register and start processing the information.
Sensory memory
is the component of memory in which current conscious mental activity
occurs.
Working or short term memory
sometimes referred to as implicit memories, are typically automated
skills that do not require conscious recollection.
Non declarative memory
are memories for facts and knowledge that are not tied to a timeline
Semantic memory
sometimes referred to as explicit memories, are memories for facts or
events that we can consciously recollect.
Declarative memory
are tied to specific events in time.
Episodic memory
A child’s vocabulary expands between the ages of two to six from about 200 words to
over 10,000 words.
Vocubolary growth
” typically involves 10-20 new words per week
vocubolary spurt
This “vocabulary spurt” typically involves 10-20 new words per week and is
accomplished through a process called
Fast-mapping
Children can repeat words and phrases after having heard them only once or twice, but
they do not always understand the meaning of the words or phrases.
Literal meaning
Children learn rules of grammar as they learn language but may apply these rules
inappropriately at first.
Overregularization
argues that behavior is learned through observation, modeling,
reinforcement, and punishment.
Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
