Lesson 2

Question 1

Foundation for the x-ray film

Answer 1

Base

Question 2

Material where emulsion is coated

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

150 to 300 μm thick

Answer 3

Base

Question 4

History of base:

Answer 4

Glass plate
Cellulose nitrate
Cellulose triacetate
Polyester

Question 5

Breakable

Answer 5

Glass plate

Question 6

Flammable

Answer 6

Cellulose nitrate

Question 7

also called safety base - thick compared to polyester

Answer 7

Cellulose triacetate

Question 8

modern film base

Answer 8

Polyester

Question 9

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD BASE MATERIAL

Answer 9

• Dimensional stability
• Optical clarity/uniform lucency
• High tensile strength
• Flexibility
• Inert to processing chemicals
• Chemical memory
• Non-flammable
• Waterproof
• Blue tinted

Question 10

Thin coat of gelatin

Answer 10

Adhesive layer

Question 11

Silver halide crystals in gelatin binder

Answer 11

Emulsion

Question 12

Hardened gelatin

Answer 12

Supercoat or overcoat

Question 13

the range of frequencies over which
an electromagnetic radiation can b e propagated.

Answer 13

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 14

the range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic
spectrum over which an unaided human eye can perceive wavelength changes as an alteration in color.

Answer 14

Visible spectrum

Question 15

Is the sensitive material use to record the image and is made up of suspension of light sensitive salts (Silver halide crystals) and
gelatin binder.

Answer 15

Emulsion

Question 16

the principal material used for film emulsion.

Answer 16

Silver halide crystals

Question 17

2 Silver Halide Crystals used for x-ray type film:

Answer 17

Silver iodide (Agl)
Silver bromide (AgBr)

Question 18

Is the range of wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that the film wil respond.

Answer 18

Spectral sensitivity

Question 19

compatible with calcium tungstate IS which emits blue light

Answer 19

Blue sensitive film

Question 20

a natural sensitivity that ends at the blue region
of the visible spectrum (480 nm).

Answer 20

AgBr

Question 21

was adopted to create films with increased
sensitivity.

Answer 21

Spectral Sensitizing (Vogel in 1870’s)

Question 22

Is the process of extending the sensitivity of
AgBr crystal by coating the surface of the
crystal with one or more layers of dye.

Answer 22

Spectral sensitizing

Question 23

Types of film according to sensitivity

Answer 23

Monochromatic
Orthochromatic
Panchomatoc

Question 24

• Blue Sensitive
• Compatible with calcium tungstate screen
• no longer used today

Answer 24

Monochromatic

Question 25

- Green Sensitive - Used with gadolinium oxysulfide IS - currently, the most commonly used type of film

Answer 25

Orthochromatic

Question 26

- Sensitive to all colors of the visible spectrum - Not popular - Has to be processed in total darkness - no longer used today

Answer 26

Panchromatic

Question 27

Type of grains

Answer 27

Globular grain Tabular grain

Question 28

spherical in shape and has a bigger volume. Use for blue-sensitive film.

Answer 28

Globular Grain

Question 29

has a table-top-like structure that provides a bigger surface are but a smaller volume.

Answer 29

Tabular Grain

Question 30

first binder use. A mixture of gun-cotton, ether, and alcohol.

Answer 30

Collodion

Question 31

from the word “gelata” which means formation in water. It comes from the collagen fiber in which the primary sources are the cartilage, skin, and the protein matrix (ossein) of the bones of animals. It is the modern binder used.

Answer 31

Gelatin

Question 32

These are films that have an emulsion layer coated on both sides of the film base.

Answer 32

Duplitized or Double-emulsion.

Question 33

Films that have emulsion layer coated on only one side of the film base.

Answer 33

Single-emulsion films