Lesson 2

Question 1

Darwin hypothesized that species can change as a response to

Answer 1

their environment and habitat

Question 2

Darwin proposed that evolution occurs due to the effects of

Answer 2

natural selection

Question 3

James Hutton proposed a theory of

Answer 3

slow, uniform geological change

Question 4

Charles Lyell: Uniformitarianism

Answer 4

The natural processes that take place are the same now as they always have been

Question 5

Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population

Answer 5

the size of human populations is limited only by the
quantity of resources

Question 6

Biogeography

Answer 6

the study of geographical
distribution of organisms throughout the world

Question 7

Evolution

Answer 7

The change in
inheritable traits
of a species over
many generations

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

A group of organisms that can
reproduce and create offspring
that can also reproduce

Question 9

Microevolution

Answer 9

small scale, effects a singular population

Question 10

Macroevolution

Answer 10

Large scale, affects changes in species across populations

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

descent with modification

Question 12

environmental factors directly impact:

Answer 12

the ability for organisms to survive, causes them to change phenotype over time

Question 13

Biological Fitness

Answer 13

The ability to survive,
reproduce, and produce viable offspring

Question 14

4 main principles of Darwin’s findings

Answer 14

1. Organisms exhibit variations that can be passed
   from one generation to the next.
2. Organisms compete for available resources.
3. Individuals within a population differ in terms
   of their reproductive success.
4. Organisms adapt to conditions as the
   environment changes

Question 15

Variation

Answer 15

Organisms exhibit variations that can be passed
from one generation to the next

Question 16

How does variation happen in a
population?

Answer 16

DNA mutations

Question 17

Differences in phenotype may influence

Answer 17

an organism’s ability to find, obtain, or utilize its
RESOURCES (food, water, shelter, oxygen, etc.)
* the organism’s ABILITY TO REPRODUCE
Organisms with phenotypes that don’t interact well with the
environment are more likely to die and less likely to reproduce

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

The process by which
random evolutionary
changes are
selected for by nature in a
consistent, orderly, non-
random way.

Question 19

Homologous structures

Answer 19

similar in structure / different in function
* evidence of a common ancestor

Question 20

Analogous structures

Answer 20

have a SIMILAR FUNCTION
* evolved separately
* NOT evidence of common
ancestor

Question 21

Vestigial structures

Answer 21

remnants of organs or structures that
had a function in an early ancestor.
Ex. Ostrich wings

Question 22

Biochemistry provides evidence for evolution:

Answer 22

All living things contain DNA and proteins - common ancestry
sequence of amino acids