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Computer Networking > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of messages exchanges in App-layer protocols

A

Request and Response

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2
Q

Example of Proprietary Protocols

A

Skype

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3
Q

Define (6) App-layer protocol

A
  1. Types of Messages exchanged
  2. Message Syntax
  3. Message Semantics
  4. Rules for when and how processes send and respond to messages
  5. Open Protocols
  6. Proprietary Protocols
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4
Q

Example of Network Apps

A
  1. Email
  2. Web
  3. Text Messaging
  4. Remote Log In
  5. P2P File Sharing
  6. Multi-user network games
  7. Streaming Stored Video
  8. Voice Over IP
  9. Real-Time Video Conferencing
  10. Social Networking
  11. Search
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5
Q

Example of Streaming Stored Video

A

Youtube, Hulu, Netflix

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6
Q

Example of Voice Over IP

A

Skype

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7
Q

2 Application Architectures

A

Client-Server
Peer-To-Peer

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8
Q

it includes both IP address and port numbers associated with progress on host

A

Identifier

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9
Q

Port Numbers

HTTP Server:
Mail Server:

A

HTTP Server: 80
Mail Server: 25

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10
Q

Transport Services an App need

A
  1. Data Integrity
  2. Timing
  3. Throughput
  4. Security
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11
Q

it is a measure of how many units of information a system can process in a given amount of time.

A

throughput

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12
Q

What is throughput

A

it is a measure of how many units of information a system can process in a given amount of time.

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13
Q

What do you call when valuable or sensitive information on a computer is compromised due to theft, human error, viruses, malware, or power failure

A

Data Loss

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14
Q

File Transfer in Throughput

A

Elastic Throughput

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15
Q

Email in throughput

A

Elastic Throughput

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16
Q

Web Documents in Throughput

A

Elastic

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17
Q

Throughput: Real-time Audio (kbps)

A

5kbps-1mbps

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18
Q

Throughput: Real-time Video (kbps)

A

10kbps-5mbps

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19
Q

Throughput: Stored Audio

A

5kbps-1mbps

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20
Q

Throughput: Stored Video

A

10kbps-5mbps

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21
Q

Throughput: Interactive Games

A

Few kbps up

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22
Q

Throughput: Text Messaging

A

Elastic

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23
Q

DATA LOSS: FILE TRANSFER

A

No Loss

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24
Q

DATA LOSS: Email

A

No Loss

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25
Q

DATA LOSS: Web Documents

A

No Loss

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26
Q

DATA LOSS: Real-Time Audio/Video

A

Loss-Tolerant

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27
Q

DATA LOSS: Stored Audio/Video

A

Loss-Tolerant

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28
Q

DATA LOSS: Interactive Games

A

Loss-Tolerant

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29
Q

DATA LOSS: Text Messaging

A

No Loss

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30
Q

3 TCP SERVICES

A
  1. Reliable Transport
  2. Flow Control
  3. Congestion Control
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31
Q

Does TCP Service provide Timing and Minimum throughput?

A

No

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32
Q

In UDP Service, is data transfer unreliable?

A

Yes

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33
Q

UDP Service does not provide the following (8):

A
  1. Reliability
  2. Flow Control
  3. Congestion Control
  4. Timing
  5. Throughput
  6. Guarantee
  7. Security
  8. Connection Set Up
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34
Q

It define the language that network applications speak to fulfill user requests

A

Application Layer protocol

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35
Q

Refers to HTML file, JPEG Image, Java Applet, Audio File

A

Object

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36
Q

Webpage consist of _________ like HTML-FILE

A

Objects

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37
Q

is a browser that requests, receives using HTTP protocol

A

client

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38
Q

sends objects in response to requests,

A

Server

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39
Q

It uses HTTP Protocol

A

Server

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40
Q

They use to initiate TCP connection to HTTP server in Port 80

A

HTTP client

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41
Q

is HTTP is STATELESS?

A

YES

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42
Q

HTTP client request message contains what?

A

URL (or objects)

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43
Q

What is the format of HTTP request message?

A

ASCII

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44
Q

3 GENERAL FORMAT OF HTTP REQUEST MESSAGES

A

Request Line
Header Line
Body

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45
Q

4 TYPES OF HTTP REQUEST MESSAGES

A

Post Method
Get Method
Head Method
Put Method

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46
Q

TYPES OF HTTP REQUEST MESSAGES:

  • Web page often includes form input
  • User input sent from client to server in entity body of _________ request message
A

POST METHOD

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47
Q

Include user data in URL field of HTTP request message (following a’?’)

A

Get Method

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48
Q

Requests headers (only) that would be retired if specific URL were requested with an HTTP GET method

A

Head Method

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49
Q
  • Uploads a new file (object) to server
A

Put Method

50
Q

Completely replaces file that exists at specified URL with content in entity body of POST HTTP request message

A

Put method

51
Q

TWO TYPES OF HTTP CONNECTIONS

A
  1. Non-persistent HTTP
  2. Persistent HTTP
52
Q

Sequence of Non-persistent HTTP

A
  1. TCP connection opened
  2. At most one object sent over TCP connection
  3. TCP connection closed
53
Q

Sequence of Persistent HTTP

A
  1. TCP connection opened to a server
  2. Multiple Objects can be sent over single TCP connection between client, and that server
  3. TCP connection closed
54
Q

Only one Object can be sent over TCP connection

A

NON-PERSISTENT HTTP

55
Q

Multiple objects can be sent

A

PERSISTENT HTTP

56
Q

5 RESPONSE STATUS CODES

A

404
400
505
301
200 OK

57
Q

RESPONSE STATUS CODE 404

A

404 NOT FOUND requested documented not found on this server

58
Q

RESPONSE STATUS CODE 400

A

400 Bad Request: requested messages not understood by server

59
Q

RESPONSE STATUS CODE 505

A

505 HTTP Version Not Supported

60
Q

RESPONSE STATUS CODE 301

A

301 Moved Permanently: Requested object moved, new location specified later in this message (in Location: Field)

61
Q

RESPONSE STATUS CODE 200 OK

A

Request succeeded, request object later in this message

62
Q

These are use by web sites and client browsers to maintain some state between transactions

A

Cookies

63
Q

3 Uses of Cookies

A
  1. Track user behavior on a given website (first party cookies)
  2. Track user behavior across multiple websites (Third party cookies) without user ever choosing to visit tracker site
  3. Tracking may be invisible to
64
Q

Cookies can be used in (4)

A
  1. Authorization
  2. Shopping cats
  3. Recommendations
  4. User session state (web email)
65
Q

Cookie is also known as?

A

Unique ID

66
Q

Common Identity is also known as?

A

Cookie Value

67
Q

Third party persistent cookies is also known as?

A

Tracking Cookies

68
Q

FOUR COMPONENTS OF COOKIES

A
  1. Cookie header line of HTTP response message
  2. Cookie hear line in next HTTP request message
  3. Cookie file kept on user’s host, managed by user’s browser
  4. Back-end database at web site
69
Q

Satisfy client request without involving origin server

A

Web caches

70
Q

WEB CACHES: What is the Average rate from browsers to origin servers?

A

15/sec

71
Q

WEB CACHES: What is the Average data rate to browsers?

A

1.50 Mbps

72
Q

Web Caches are also known as?

A

Proxy Servers

73
Q

3 COMPONENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MAIL

A
  1. User Agents
  2. Mail Servers
  3. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
74
Q

Other term for User Agent

A

Mail Reader

75
Q

it contains Incoming messages for user

A

Mailbox

76
Q

it means outgoing mail messages

A

Message Queue

77
Q
  1. EXAMPLE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL USER AGENT
A
  1. Outlook
  2. Thunderbird
  3. iPhone
  4. Mail Client
78
Q

SMTP use ___________ connection

A

Persistent

79
Q

It is Between mail servers to sent mail messages

A

SMTP

80
Q

They Send mail server

A

Client

81
Q

They Receive mail server

A

Server

82
Q

What SMTP server uses to determine end of message?

A

CRLF

83
Q

SMTP:PUSH
HTTP:

A

PULL

84
Q

The transfer of email messages from client to server happen on what port?

A

PORT 25

85
Q

3 PHASES OF TRANSFER

A
  1. Handshaking (Greeting)
  2. Transfer of messages
  3. Closure
86
Q

The Format used for commands is

A

ASCII text

87
Q

Protocol for exchanging email messages

A

SMTP

88
Q

Standard for text message format

A

RFC 822

89
Q

entered by user, formatted by local user agent

A

Header lines

90
Q

Format of Header lines

A

To:
From:
Subject:

91
Q

Where the “message” ASCII characters only

A

Body

92
Q

Fields giving info about data

A

Headers

93
Q

Info (Payload) being communicated

A

Data

94
Q

MAIL ACCESS PROTOCOLS

A

1, POP
2. IMAP
3. HTTP

95
Q

CLIENT COMMANDS: declares username

A

User

96
Q

CLIENT COMMANDS: password

A

Pass

97
Q

SERVER RESPONSES

A

+ OK
- ERR

98
Q

TRANSACTION PHASE

A

List
Retr
Dele
Quit

99
Q

list message numbers

A

List

100
Q

retrieve message by number

A

Retr

101
Q

delete

A

Dele

102
Q

Keeps all messages in one place: at server

A

IMAP

103
Q

Where does IMAP store all messages?

A

server

104
Q

implemented in hierarchy of many name servers

A

Distributed Database

105
Q

4 DNS SERVICES

A
  1. Hostname to IP address translation
  2. Host aliasing
  3. Mail server aliasing
  4. Load distribution
106
Q

3 SUB BRANCHES OF ROOT DNS SERVERS

A

com DNS servers
org DNS servers
edu DNS servers

107
Q

Organization’s own DNS server(s), providing authoritative hostname to IP mappings for organizations named hosts.

A

AUTHORITATIVE DNS SERVERS

108
Q

RR format

A

(name, value, type, TTL)

109
Q

4 FLAGS

A
  1. Query or reply
  2. Recursion desired
  3. Recursion available
  4. Reply is authoritative
110
Q
  • No always-on server
  • Arbitrary end systems directly communicate
  • Peers are intermittently connected and changed IP addresses
A

PURE P2P ARCHITECTURE

111
Q

EXAMPLE OF PURE P2P ARCHITECTURE

A
  1. File distribution (BitTorrent)
  2. Streaming (KanKan)
  3. VoIP (Skype)
112
Q

Group of peers exchanging chunks of a file

A

Torrent

113
Q

Tracks peers participating in torrent

A

Tracker

114
Q

Peers may come and go

A

Churn

115
Q

EXAMPLES OF VBR

A

MPEG 1
MPEG 2
MPEG 4

116
Q

Stores copies of content in CDN nodes

A

CDN

117
Q

Learn how to build client/server applications that communicate using sockets

A

SOCKET PROGRAMMING

118
Q

Door between application process and end-end transport protocol

A

Socket

119
Q

2 Socket types for 2 transport services

A

UDP and TCP

120
Q

Time for a small packet to travel from client to server and back

A

RTT

Computer Networking (4 decks)

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