Lesson 2 Flashcards
Is a general term that refers to any damage to the human body.
Injury
Is the initial assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly taken ill.
First Aid
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
- To alleviate suffering
- To prevent added injury or danger.
- To prolong life.
- To help to ensure safe transportation to the nearest healthcare facility.
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
- Gentle
- Resourceful
- Observant
- Tactful
- Empathetic
- Respectable
Circumstances in giving first aid
- Unfavorable Surroundings
- Presence of crowd
- Pressure from victims or relatives
Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body, either internal or external.
Wound
Types of Open wounds include:
Incisions
Lacerations
Abrasions (Grazes)
Puncture wounds
Avulsion wounds
CLOSED Wounds
BRUISES
SPRAIN
STRAIN
FIRST AID FOR SPRAIN FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR R.I.C.E METHOD
•REST- and protect the injured or sore area.
•ICE- or a cold pack used as soon as possible.
•COMPRESSION-or wrapping the injured or sore area with an elastic bandage.
•ELEVATION- (propping up) the injured or sore area.
Caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter.
Incisions
Rough, irregular wounds caused by crushing or ripping forces.
Lacerations
a superficial wound in which the topmost layers of the skin are scraped off, often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface.
Abrasions (Grazes)
Caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle.
Puncture wounds
Involve the forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the victim’s body.
Avulsion wounds
Occur when small blood vessels are damaged by an impact or sudden wrenching movement.
BRUISES
an injury to the ligaments around Ligaments a joint. are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When ligament is stretched a too far or tears, the joint will become painful and swell.
SPRAIN
When a muscle is stretched too much and tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle in the wrong way.
STRAIN
are the contracting/over- shortening of muscles as a result causing an unpleasant sensation or pain.
MUSCLE CRAMPS
is a painful skin condition where fluid fills a space between layers of skin.
BLISTERS
a broken bone, the same as a crack or a break. A bone may be completely ___ partially ___ any number of or in ways (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces)
FRACTURE
Types of Fractures oblique
*oblique (displaced)
*oblique (nondisplaced)
*linear
*comminuted
*spiral
*segmental
a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. This injury can be very painful and temporarily deform can and immobilize the joint. The most common locations for a ___ are shoulders and fingers, but can also occur in elbows, knees and hips.
DISLOCATION
If you believe that you have dislocated a joint:
- Don’t delay medical care.
- Don’t move the joint.
- Put ice on the injured joint.
is a supportive device used to keep in place any suspected fracture in one’s arm or leg.
SPLINT
Splint is used to:
• Provide pain relief of the fractured limb.
•Support bone ends of the fracture site.
•Facilitate safe and seamless causality transport.
TWO TYPES OF SPLINT
•FLEXIBLE SPLINT
•RIGID SPLINT
Any object, like a pillow or a bed sheet with several folds. This type is used for foot, anckle and joint fractures.
FLEXIBLE SPLINT
Such as wood or plastic boards, broomstick, book or a rolled-out newspapers, which can be used to splint a fractured arm or leg.
RIGID SPLINT
STEPS HOW TO PUT RIGID SPLINTING
•Support the injured area above and below the site of the injury.
• Check for feeling warmth and color.
• Place the rigid splint (board) under the injured area and the joints that are above and below the injured area.
•Tie several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area.
•Recheck for feeling, warmth, and color
A piece of material used either to covering wounds, dressings in place, to to keep applying pressure controlling bleeding, to support a medical device such as a splint, or on its own to provide support to the body.
BANDAGING
KINDS OF TRIANGULAR AND CRAVAT BANDAGE
TRIANGLE OF FOREHEAD SCALP
TRIANGLE ARM SLING
TRIANGLE OF CHEST OR BACK
TRIANGLE OF HAND
CRAVAT OF ELBOW
CRAVAT OF KNEE
(front- occipital) is used to hold dressings on the forehead or scalp.
TRIANGLE OF FOREHEAD SCALP
(brachio-cervical triangle) is used for the support of fractures or injuries of hand, wrist, and forearm.
TRIANGLE ARM SLING
This bandage is used to hold dressing on burns or wounds
TRIANGLE OF CHEST OR BACK
is used to hold dressings of considerable size on the hand.
TRIANGLE OF HAND
Is used to hold dressings around the elbow.
CRAVAT OF ELBOW
is used to hold dressings around the knee.
CRAVAT OF KNEE
