Lesson 2 Flashcards
lies at the act heart of any inquiry, it is fact that is verified
Truth
Is simple data that comes from outside that pass to our senses, it must be thruthful to gain acceptance
Knowledge
Are statements about the world or reality which may or may not be thruth
Preposition
Is the clesr awareness and understanding of something
Knowledge
They require further examinations to establish whether it is true or false
Claims
Has a very important purpose in philosophy as it drives our desire to discover truth
Doubt
Belief about certain things, bases for making arguments they are often influenced by bias
Opinions
Are statements that express convictions tha are not easily and clearly explained by facts
Beliefs
are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true
Explanations
Series of statements tha provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful
Arguments
Are arguments based on faulty reasoning
Fallacies
attacking the person instead of the argument
ad hominem
Usinf the threat of force to advance an argument
Ad baculum
Using emotions
Ad misecordiam
The idea is acceptable because a lot of people accept it
Ad populum
the idea is acceptable because it is true for a long time
ad antiquitatem
Misusing an idetity
Ad verecundiam
- ofc he believes that the government is pngit, pangit din siya
ad hominem
- if you do not agree with me, i will kill u
ad baculum
- wag pls maawa ka
ad misecordiam
- tanan sila may ganito, so sana ako din
ad populum
- magpakasal babae at lalake lang, so gay is no
ad antiquitatem
- 4 out of 5 dentist agree that brushing your teeth makes your life meaningful
ad verecundiam
argument based on am unqualified generalization
dicto simpliciter
- kabalo sya mag split, so split kaman
dicto simpliciter
what is true for a part is true for a whole
fallacy of composition
- each brick is tig a, therefore tig a na tanan
fallacy of composition
what is true for a whole is true for its parts
fallacy of division
- doctor pamilya mo, so kabalo ka diri sa medicine e
fallacy of division
generalization is reached to hastily
hasty generalization
di ka kabalo, di man ko kabalo so tanan ta di di kabalo
-fallacy
hasty generalization
assuming that the thing or idea to be proven is true
pepitio principii
god exists because the bible says so, we need to trsut the bible, because bible is the word of god
petitio principii
cause and effect between unrelated events
post hoc
everytime u wear pink, u cry
post hoc
Personal views of the person presenting it
Biases
- judge a person by his actions without external factors
- tanan nga army nga nag sabak sa giyera, puro mamatay tao
correspondence bias
- tendency to look for and accept information in a way that confirms ones own beliefs and reject ideas that go against it
- pano ko na matnggap nga wala god, i am a christian
Confirmation bias
bilang isang anak, feeling ko may karaptan ako mag sabi ng opinion ko
conflict of interest
(bias)
i do not agree sa retirement homes, kaming pilipino inaalagaan talaga namin sa bahay
cultural bias
(bias)
focusing on a certain aspect while ignoring other aspects
framing
(bias)
is when after an event occurs, we feel we knew what was going to happen
hindsight
(bias)
-careful reflective, rational, systematic approach to questions of very general imterest.
- understanding philophy and refraining from mearly giving claims but through careful thought
Critical thinking
leads to wisdom because it uses an evidence based approach to come up with its conclusion
Scientific method
is the truth based on reasoning and critical thinking
logic
conclusion comes first, followed by main points and the ladt eill be supporting details, General to specific
Deductive reasoning
Specific to general
Inductive reasoning
