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FORENSICS > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The initial goal of the forensic dentist is to obtain a set of postmortem photographs, readiographs and accurate dental charting on the unidentified person.

A

DENTAL IDENTIFICATION

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2
Q

Develops when the number of fatalities in the incident exceeds the number the medical examiner or coroners facilities were designed
to handle

A

MULTIPLE FATALITY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

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3
Q

gov or judicial officer who has the power to conduct the incident

A

coroner

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4
Q

The most complex and controversial area of forensic odontology

A

BITEMARKS EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

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5
Q

Identification and reporting of abuse is a complex and emtional area.

A

ABUSE

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6
Q

avulsed teeth, trauma, etc.

A

ABUSE

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7
Q

The methods of _______ using the teeth include analyzing tooth development and eruption, studying tooth degradation, and measuring biochemical and trace element changes in dental structures.

A

AGE ESTIMATION

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8
Q

_______,_______,________ may be called to provide ann opinion in standard of care, personal injury, dental fraud or other civil cases.

A

Forensic odontologists, forensic dentist and dentist

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9
Q

A moral philosophy or philosophical thinking about morality, moral problems and moral judgement.

A

ETHICS

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10
Q

T or F
Ethics in its strict sense is the same from morality

A

FALSE - Ethics in its strict sense is different from moralit

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11
Q

Ethics in its strict sense is different from morality. Ethics is based upon knowledge and thinking; morality is based upon belief and feeling

A

Both statements are true

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12
Q

Prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern right from wrong.

A

ethics

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13
Q

Modified T or F

Ethics is the same from morality. Ethics, it is about thinking about morality

A

1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true

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14
Q

T or F

The most significant ethical issue in the forensic field, identified in a study conducted with lawyers and experts associated with the lawyers and experts associated with the american sciences, is essence.

A

F - competence

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15
Q

How human perceptions and judgements can be influenced by other factors irrelevant to a specific case

A

COGNITIVE BIAS

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16
Q

When irrelevant information given by third parties influences the conclusions

A

CONTEXTUAL BIAS

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17
Q

When pre-existing beliefs or assumptions act on the interpretation of information and evidence

A

CONFIRMATION BIAS-

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18
Q

When the professional disregards new information that does not correspond to their preliminary conclusion

A

PREVENTION OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

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19
Q

include fabricated prints, estimated results without thorough examination, intentionally wrong results, or cover up errors

A

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS

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20
Q

can involve lack of training, the pressure to perform tasks, overworked, and administrative error or a tendency to agree with someone else’s work

A

HONEST ERROR-

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21
Q

affect all professionals, in any forensic

A

Cognitive bias-

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22
Q

are even more influential because experts themselves believe them and there has been resistance to recognizing such biases and accepting appropriate measures to combat them.

A

Bias base conclusions

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23
Q

According to ________, confirmation bias can take many forms

A

Nickerson

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24
Q

For _______, is it essential to understand how bias enters the cognitive process, beside understanding the levels at which is possible

A

Byrd

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25
Q

is defined when one awaits a certain result from an initial observation or analysis, because anticipation leads to the desired result.

A

Expectancy effect

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26
Q

paying attention only to items of interest and disregarding information that contradicts what is expected

A

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

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27
Q

stimulates the individual to only find information that confirms what the individual believes, disregarding all other date that is not interesting to him:

A

COMBINING SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND EXPECTANCY EFFECT

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28
Q

defined when two people, due to their profession, collect disparate information at a crime scene, because each expert will focus on different aspects according to their role

A

ROLE EFFECT

29
Q

the act of accepting opinions, beliefs, and behavior from colleagues because the experts submits to the opinion of colleagues

A

CONFORMITY EFFECT

30
Q

is defined when strong motivation causes the desired result to be obtained. This motivation may arise from the desire to help solve crimes

A

DETERMINED PERCEPTIO

31
Q

the tendency to believe that a statement or conclusion is true despite the lack of convincing evidences, predisposing people to affirm what they believe to be true.

A

POSITIVITY BIAS

32
Q

means when, in a lengthy information-collecting process, the first data gathered is privileged to guide the conclusion and consequent decisions

A

PRIMARY EFFECT

33
Q

can alsoo cause bias, because evem in the face of the contradictory evidence, people who always think themselves right tend to defend their beliefs.

A

OVERCONFIDENCE

34
Q

Is a prejudice, a tendency that prevents impartial consideration and can stem from many sources

A

BIAS

35
Q

There is a degree of error in everything humans do. Variability in measurements of objects and observations is unavoidable. Error does not define a mistake but rather it describes this variability in measurement in the study

A

ERROR

36
Q

is a measure of ow close measurements are to the true value.

A

Accuracy of a measurement system

37
Q

is the degree to which repeated measures will produce the same results; how close the measures are to each other.

A

Precision

38
Q

information that could bias the participant is held back.

A

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

39
Q

In clinical trials, the participant will not know if they are assigned to the true experimental group or a control group.

A

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

40
Q

neither the researcher nor the participant is aware of the circumstance of the study.

A

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

41
Q

In this situation, the participant is randomly assigned to a group with the allocation held confidently by a third party.

A

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

42
Q

is a measure of the amount of true positives

A

SENSITIVITY

43
Q

is a measure of the amount of true negatives

A

SPECIFICITY

44
Q

a forensic odontologist is a dentist who specializes in the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence, which may then be presented in the interest of justice in a court of law.

A

SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION

45
Q

T or F
Morality is based upon knowledge and thinking; Ethics is based upon belief and feeling

A

False - Ethics is based upon knowledge and thinking; morality is based upon belief and feeling

46
Q

T or F

Ethics prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern WRONG from RIGHT

A

F - Ethics prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern right from wrong

47
Q

In this situation, the participant is randomly assigned to a group with the allocation held confidently by a third party.

A

DOUBLE-BLIND STUD

48
Q

In clinical trials, the participant will not know if they are assigned to the true experimental group or a control group.

A

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

49
Q

is a dentist who specializes in the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence, which may then be presented in the interest of justice in a court of law. C

A

forensic odontologist

50
Q

_____ is a nonscientific method, but is often used by the me/c when there is no significant question as to who the individual is, he remains are intact and viewable, and /LR the death was witnessed

A

visual identification

51
Q

Another biometric method of identification that relies on unique characteristics of the skeleton is to compare postmortem radiographs with antemortem radiographs with antemortem medical imaging and written records

A

ANTHROPOLOGY/ RADIOLOGY

52
Q

relies on accessible antemortem data

A

DNA

53
Q

may be the only viable method fro identifying severely fragmented or degraded remains

A

DNA analysis

54
Q

Give direct primary dna sources

A
55
Q

A dental identification is the most common biometric method fro identifying burned, decomposed, skeletonized and fragmented remains

A

DENTAL

56
Q

is the hardest biological substance in the human body, and posterior teeth are well protected by soft tissues (tongue, facial musculature adn adipose tissue)

A

tooth enamel

57
Q

no two individuals have the same exact dental features

A

Tooth morphology

58
Q

_____can be done quickly in inexpensively

A

A postmortem dental examination

59
Q

______ of missing persons are kept in several national databases to compare with newly discovered remains

A
60
Q

Even in mass fatality incidents, it is the most expedient method for identifying burned, fragmented and decomposed human remains

A

Dental idntiication

61
Q

is the art and study of recording fingerprints as a means identification

A

DACTYLOGRAPHY

62
Q

is the art of identification

A

DACTYLOSCOPY

63
Q

is the study of the pores found on the papillary of friction ridges of the skin for purposes of identification

A

POROSCOPY

64
Q

Typically an investigation into a criminal death cannot begin until the victim has been positively identified

A

CRIMINAL

65
Q

Individuals from many religious background may not remarry unless their spouses are confirmed deceased

A

MARRIAGE

66
Q

The payment of pensions, life insurance and other benefits relies upon positiv confirmation of death.

A

MONETARY

67
Q

Many religions require that a positive identification be made prior to burial in a geographical site

A

BURIAL

68
Q

Society’s duty to preserve human rights and dignity beyond life begin with the basic premise of an identity

A

SOCIAL

69
Q

The identification of individuals missing for prolonged periods can bring sorrowful relief to the family members

A

CLOSURE

FORENSICS (3 decks)

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