LESSON 2

Question 1

Statements about the world or reality. It may or may not carry the truth. It usually started as short statements or sentences.

Answer 1

PROPOSITIONS

Question 2

the clear awareness and understanding of something. The product of questions that allow clear answers provided by facts.

Answer 2

KNOWLEDGE

Question 3

Propositions which are observed to be real or truthful.

Answer 3

FACTS

Question 4

Statements that are not evidently known to be true. Statements that need further examination to establish whether it is true or false.

Answer 4

CLAIM

Question 5

What are the perspective on truth?

Answer 5

1.If it can be justified or proven through the use of one’s senses.
2.If it is based on facts.
3.Getting consensus or having people agree on a common belief.
4. Requires a person to prove a statement through an action.
5. Claims and beliefs should be subjected to tests to determine truth.

Question 6

what is the two kinds of the systematic doubt?

Answer 6

1. Scrutinized
2. Analyzed

Question 7

HOW CAN PHILOSOPHY GUIDE US IN DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM OPINION?

Answer 7

People should identify the difference between the opinions, conclusion, beliefs, explaination, arguments, logic.

Question 8

It go beyond providing facts. They provide conclusions or perspective.

Answer 8

OPINIONS

Question 9

A judgment based on certain facts.

Answer 9

CONCLUSIONS

Question 10

statements that expresses convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.

Answer 10

BELIEFS

Question 11

statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statements are true.

Answer 11

EXPLANATION

Question 12

series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim is truthful.

Answer 12

ARGUMENTS

Question 13

is the branch of Philosophy that focuses on the analysis of arguments.

Answer 13

LOGIC

Question 14

enumerate all the part of the fallacy

Answer 14

1.ad Hominem
2.appeal to force
3.appeal to emotion
4.appeal to the popular
5.appeal to tradition
6.begging the question
7.cause-and-effect
8.fallacy of composition-
9.fallacy of division

Question 15

Arguments that are based on faulty reasoning. Some of it may be intentional.

Answer 15

FALLACY

Question 16

attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the argument itself.

Answer 16

ad Hominem

Question 17

using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument

Answer 17

appeal to force

Question 18

using emotions such as pity or sympathy

Answer 18

appeal to emotion

Question 19

the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it

Answer 19

appeal to the popular

Question 20

the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

Answer 20

appeal to tradition

Question 21

assuming the thing or idea to proven is true also known as circular argument

Answer 21

begging the question

Question 22

assuming a cause and effect relationship between unrelated events

Answer 22

cause-and-effect

Question 23

assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

Answer 23

fallacy of composition

Question 24

assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts

Answer 24

fallacy of division

Question 25

personal view of the person presenting it.

Answer 25

BIAS

Question 26

tendency to judge a person’s personality by his actions.

Answer 26

Correspondence bias or attribution effect

Question 27

look for and readily accept information which fits one;s own beliefs or rejects the ideas that go against it

Answer 27

Confirmation bias

Question 28

focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects

Answer 28

Framing

Question 29

tendency to see past events as predictable/ pattern to historical events

Answer 29

Hindsight

Question 30

a person or group is connected or vested interest in the issue being discussed

Answer 30

Conflict of interest

Question 31

analyzing an event based on one;s cultural standard

Answer 31

Cultural bias

Question 32

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

You shouldn’t believe Professor Smith’s theory on climate change because he drives a gas-guzzling SUV

Answer 32

Ad hominem

Question 33

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

If you don’t agree with my proposal, you’ll find yourself in deep trouble

Answer 33

Appeal to force

Question 34

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

Supporting this charity is the right thing to do. Just think about the poor children and their suffering

Answer 34

Appeal to emotion

Question 35

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

Everyone uses this brand of toothpaste, so it must be the best one on the market.

Answer 35

Appeal to popular

Question 36

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

We’ve been following this tradition for generations; it must be the correct way of doing things.

Answer 36

Appeal to tradition

Question 37

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

The theory is true because it’s been proven true in the past.

Answer 37

Begging the question

Question 38

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

Every time I wear my lucky socks, my team wins. Therefore, my socks must be the reason for their success.

Answer 38

Cause and effect

Question 39

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

Since the car has four new tires, each tire must be of the highest quality.

Answer 39

Fallacy of composition

Question 40

IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF FALLACY IS THIS

The economy is doing well overall, so everyone in the country must be financially comfortable.

Answer 40

Fallacy of Division