LESSON 2

Question 1

what is a fact?

Answer 1

a statement that is of absolute truth due to evidence

Question 2

when can’t counterbalancing be used?

Answer 2

Occasionally, counterbalancing isn’t always possible e.g examining the effects of mnemonic training on memory performance – the order which ppt are exposed to the levels is fixed

Question 3

what are within-subjects designs?

Answer 3

same ppt used and data compared
eliminates order effects
can be an issue inferring causality when counterbalancing can’t be used

Question 4

what are between-subjects designs?

Answer 4

two sets of ppt and data sets compared
eliminates order effects

Question 5

what can researchers do when counterbalancing can’t be used?

Answer 5

To solve this: PRE-TEST, POST TEST GROUP DESIGN
- For subject designs where IV can’t be counterbalanced (e.g spelling quiz – are they improving or just remembering the test?) ppt are split into 2 groups and manipulate the IV of interest in one group only  THERE IS A CONTROL GROUP
- The inclusion of a control group allows us to account for any order effects that might be present  allows statistical control of the difference in the treatment group which may be impacted by order effects
- This is a mixed design