Lesson 2 Flashcards
Fibroblast cell and muscle cell / fibre are two of the seven types of cells. What are the other five?
Epithelial Cell Erythrocyte Cell Adipocyte neuron Spermatocyte
A singular cell under the microscope, you can identify four main structures, what are they?
A nucleus, the nuclear membrane, cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
The jelly like substance between the nucleus and cell membrane is:
a. Nuclear membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Blood
It is cytoplasm.
What is the main function of the nucleus?
The primary function of the cell’s nucleus is the where the instructions are for making every protein in your body (the information stored is called chromatin).
What three substances inside a cell that make cytoplasm?
Cytosol - transparent fluid that organelles are suspended in (ICF), made up of water, dissolved ions, gases, enzymes nutirents and wastes. Also called Intrcellular fluid.
Organelles - machinery of the cell.
Inclusions - substances stored in the cells, could in the form of nutrients, lipids or carbs and pigments.
Cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles + inclusions
Carbohydrate and Cholesterol are two of the four components of the cell structure, what are the other two?
Proteins
Phosophlipid - most of the cell membrane is formed by these.
Cholesterol - is a lipid and is 20% of the cell membrane.
Carbohydrates
The cell plasma membrane has the consistency of olive oil and has three main functions. Two of the functions are to:
1. control cellular interactions
2. control the movement of substances in and out the cells.
What is the third function?
It forms a physical barrier that separates the cells contents from everything outside it, separates the ICF from the ECF.
Phosopholipids make up most of the cell membrane, it has a head and tail, what are these names?
a. Hydrophilic head -
b. hydrophobic tails
The protein on a cell structure is located in and on the cell membrane. Two functions of the protein are;
- Being receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters.
- Transporting substances in and out of the cell (transport proteins & channels).
What are the other two?
- Binding cells to other cells or structures.
4. Identifying cell markers.
Transport proteins and joining cells are two of the function of the proteins in a cell structure, what are the other four functions?
- receptors - binding sites
- enzymes - speed up chemical reactions.
- cell identity - indicate whether cell is healthy or not.
- cytoskelteon anchor -
- joining cells - a cell will often anchor to its neighboring cell, thereby strengthening the cells.
16 transport proteins
There are three modifications to a cell membrane that could occur.
Microvilli is one, what are the other two?
Cilia - whip like extensions of the cell membrane, often found in the respiratory tract.
Flagella - single long extension of cell membrane that propels the cells that it is a part of. The only human cell with flagella is a sperm cell.
Microvilli - tiny finger extensions on the exposed surfaces of the cell membrane, having an increased exposure of the cell and found in places where absorption occurs.
True or false.
A selectively permeable cell is able to control the movement in and out of the cell.
True.
What type of cell membrane transport requires ATP input when crossing the cell membrane?
Active Transport will use ATP.
Passive transport does not require ATP.
What are the four passive cell membrane transport process?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration.
Active cell membrane transport requires ATP, what are three types of transport process that occur in the cell membrane?
- Endoyctosis - a vesicle forms around a substance as it is moved into a cell.
- Exocytosis - a vesicle merges withe the cell membrane moving a substance out of the cell.
- Active Transport - cell membrane carrier protein moves solutes against their concentration gradient.
