Lesson 18

Question 1

ás·s, m (u-stem, pl. æs·ir)

Answer 1

a pagan god, especially of the highest-ranked family (Óðinn, Þórr, etc.)

Question 2

bjǫrn, m (u-stem, pl. birnir)

Answer 2

bear (also an extremely common man’s name)

Question 3

“breaking,”

Answer 3

the change of e > ja by a (herta > hjarta), or e > jǫ by u (erðu > jǫrð)

Question 4

Dan·ir, m plural, i-stem

Answer 4

Danes

Question 5

dreng·r, m (dreng, dreng·s, dreng; dreng·ir, dreng·i, drengj·a, drengj·um), “drengr;”

Answer 5

a person of reckless courage but
with a sense of fair play; a highly complimentary term whose connotations are difficult to translate concisely

Question 6

fjǫrð·r, m (u-stem, pl. firð·ir)

Answer 6

fjord

Question 7

Hákon, m (Hákon, Hákon·ar, Hákon·i)

Answer 7

a masculine name, strongly associated with Norwegian royalty and nobility

Question 8

hlut·r, m (·ar ·ir)

Answer 8

“thing, portion, piece, (one’s) lot”

Question 9

hug·r, m (·ar ·ir)

Answer 9

“thought, mind, heart (metaphorical), spirit, soul, courage”

Question 10

Mjǫlln·ir, m

Answer 10

Thor’s hammer

Question 11

skjǫld·r, m (u-stem, pl. skild·ir)

Answer 11

shield

Question 12

stað·r, m (·ar ·ir)

Answer 12

“place”

Question 13

vin·r, m (·ar ·ir)

Answer 13

“friend”