Lesson 16 Conjugation & Sentence Patterns Flashcards

1
Q

PATTERN: ~てあげる・くれる・もらう

Both て-form + あげる and て-form + くれる
 ー giver: は/が
 ー recipient: に

For て-form + もらう
 ー

A

Use:

て-form + あげる
 ー Doing something for the sake of others
  - From [I/Subject] going out to [YOU] or [OTHERS]
 ー Action was done “on demand” or “as a favor”

て-form + くれる
 ー Somebody does something for us
  - From [OTHERS] going in to [YOU] or [I/Speaker]
 ー Action was done “on demand” or “as a favor”

て-form + もらう
 ー we get, persuade, arrange for someone to
  do something for us; “receiving” someone’s favor
  - person doing action for us is marked
   the particle に
 ー Action was done “on demand” or “as a favor”

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2
Q

~ていただきませんでした

  ~てくれませんか

     ~てくらない?

A

て-form + いただきませんでした
 ー POLITE; more that ください
 ー Make a request to non-peers or strangers

て-form + くれませんか
 ー Equal politeness to ください
 ー Derived from くれる
 ー Most appropriate to host-family context

て-form + くらない?
 ー INFORMAL
 ー among peers and friends in a group

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3
Q
~といい
  ~といいですね
  ~といいね
     
~といいんですが
  ~といんだけど
  
A
Use:
 ー Present tense short/dictionary form +  
  といいですね (POLITE)  OR
   ~といいね (CASUAL)
 ー to hope something nice happens 
  for someone else
~といいんですが
 ー To hope for good things FOR YOURSELF;
  tentative and sounds modest
 ー といいんですが (POLITE) OR 
  といんだけど (CASUAL)

FOR THINGS OUT OF YOUR CONTROL:
 ー Potential verb form + といいんですが OR
  といんだけど

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4
Q

~時
Use:
 ー to describe WHEN something happens or happened

 ー SENTENCE A: the time reference
  always short tense, 
  but either present or past tense
 ー SENTENCE B: the Main Event
  tense is determined if the main event
  should be DONE by the time reference.

い-adjectives + 時
な-adjective + 時
noun + の + 時

A
PRESENT TENSE A:
 ー If A (time reference) is currently 
  happening or yet to happen
  by the time of B (main event)
「チベットに行く時、ビサをとります。」
「A: By the time I went to China」
「B: I would have bought Oolong tea already」
PAST TENSE A:
 ー If A (time reference) has been done
  by the time the main event is reached
  - main event was the requirement !
「中国に行った時、 ウーロン茶をかいました」
「A: By the time I went to China」
「B: I would have bought Oolong tea already」
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5
Q

~てすみませんでしいた

A

Use:
 ーて-form verb + すみませんでしいた
 ー to describe things you are apologizing for

To Apologize for smth you did NOT do:
 ーなくて aka short (-) tense
   - ない form but replace い w/ くて

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