Lesson 14: ANS

Question 1

Define the autonomic nervous system and explain its relationship to the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 1

The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Question 2

Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Answer 2

Somatic NS is our voluntary NS and the autonomic NS is involuntary NS.

Question 3

Define dual innervation.

Answer 3

All visceral organs are served by both divisions, cause opposite effects(maintain homeostasis)

Question 4

Identify the nerves of the parasympathetic division.

Answer 4

Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves( craniosacral S2-S4)
-long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers; ganglia near or in their visceral effector organ

Question 5

Identify the nerves of the sympathetic division.

Answer 5

Thoracolumbar(T1-L2)

-Short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers; ganglia lie close to the spinal cord

Question 6

Identify the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.

Answer 6

Cholinergic fibers:—those that release ACh—include (1) all ANS preganglionic axons and (2) all parasympathetic postganglionic axons at synapses with their effectors.
Adrenergic fibers: those that release norepinephrine—include the majority of sympathetic postganglionic axons. An exception is sympathetic postganglionic fibers that secrete ACh onto sweat glands.

Question 7

Identify the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on various organs

Answer 7

S division elevates heart and respiratory rates and lowers digestion and elimination; while PS division does the opposite effect.