Lesson 14 Flashcards
-The science of heredity
-The study of genes and information it carries
GENETIC/S
-The genetic information that a cell carry that includes chromosome and plasmid
GENOME
This contain the DNA that carry the hereditary information or the genes.
CHROMOSOME
These are segments of DNA that code for functional products.
GENE/S
A macromolecule
Compose of repeating unit called NUCLEOTIDES
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
What are the composition of nucleotides?
•NITROGENOUS BASE - adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
•DEOXYRIBOSE - pentose sugar
•PHOSPHATE GROUP
What is the formation/structure of DNA?
DOUBLE HELIX
What is the bond that held the two strands and located in between base pairs?
HYDROGEN BOND
Base pair of ADENINE
THYMINE
Base pair of GUANINE
CYTOSINE
Base pair of THYMINE
ADENINE
Base pair of CYTOSINE
GUANINE
These numbers indicate end-to-end chemical orientation.
5 prime end & 3 prime end
-This prime end is important during replication
-New nucleotide is added to this end
3’end
The genetic make up of an organism that codes for all its characteristics
GENOTYPE
The actual expressed properties of an organism.
The manifestation of genotype
PHENOTYPE
What type of organism that its DNA molecule is singular and circular in characteristics and associated with proteins
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME
This type of chromosome is folded and looped.
Also attached to the plasma membrane
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME
A process of passing genetic information from one generation to the next.
DNA REPLICATION
An enzyme that is responsible in separating the single strand permanently
HELICASE
This is a short sequence of RNA that occur during DNA replication.
Compose of 10 nucleotides in length.
PRIMERS
This produces/synthesize primers
PRIMASE
This enzyme adds new nucleotide one by one to the end of a growing strand.
DNA POLYMERASE
This type of strand is produced in the same direction of the replication fork.
LEADING STRAND
A type of strand that is produce in the other direction of replication fork and where okazaki fragments are produced.
LAGGING STRAND
This type of strand is a small section of DNA that are formed during discontinous production/synthesis of the lagging strand.
OKAZAKI STRAND
A japanese scientist who discovered the okazaki fragments.
REIJI OKAZAKI
This enzyme fills the gap between the fragments in the lagging strands
LIGASE
A process wherein genetic information in DNA is copied or transcribe into a complimentary base sequence of RNA.
TRANSCRIPTION
A process of synthesizing/producing protein with the use if encoded information.
TRANSLATION
What are the 3 types of RNA in a bacterial cell?
•messenger RNA (mRNA)
•ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
•transfer RNA (tRNA)
This type of RNA carried the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes
messengerRNA
This is where production of protein takes place.
RIBOSOME
The site where RNA synthesis starts.
PROMOTER
The site where production of RNA end.
TERMINATOR
