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medical terminology for medical coders > Lesson 13 vo-cab > Flashcards

Lesson 13 vo-cab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

headache; pain in the head

A

cephalgia (cephalodynia)

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2
Q

syndrome characterized by abrupt onset severely sharp headache usually only on one side of the head

A

migraine headache

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3
Q

herniation of brain substance from a congenital gap in the skull

A

encephalocele

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4
Q

abnormally increased amount of CSF in the brain

A

hydrocephalus

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5
Q

protrusion of the membrane of the brain or spinal cord through a fault in the skull or spinal canal

A

meningocele

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6
Q

inflammation of the meningies of the brain or spinal cord

A

meningitis

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7
Q

a group of degenerative changes in brain structure leading to progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes

A

alzheimer’s disease (AD)

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8
Q

condition marked by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis caused by a brain defect/lesion present at birth or shortly after

A

cerebral palsy

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9
Q

term describing the mental behaviors related to memory, thinking, and learning

A

cognition

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10
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

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11
Q

degenerative, slowly progressive CNS disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, mask-like facial expression, and shuffling gait

A

parkinson’s disease (PD)

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12
Q

lockjaw; acute and potentially fatal bacterial infection of the CNS, preventable through immunization

A

tetanus

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13
Q

disturbance of memory marked by partial or total inability to recall past experiences, injury, illness, or psychological disturbance can produce it

A

amnesia

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14
Q

abnormal growth of tissue within the brain that may be benign or malignant, tumors cause damage by either pressure or invasion of tissue

A

brain tumor

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15
Q

violent shaking or jarring of the brain

A

concussion

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16
Q

bruising of brain tissue related to head injury

A

cerebral contusion

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17
Q

pooling of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

A

cranial hematoma

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18
Q

alert, aware, and responding appropriately

A

conscious

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19
Q

to faint; brief loss of consciousness

A

syncope

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20
Q

lowered level of consciousness characterized by listlessness, sleepiness, or apathy

A

lethargy

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21
Q

a state of impaired consciousness marked by the inability to respond to environmental stimuli

A

stupor

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22
Q

a deep state of unconsciousness characterized by no response to painful stimuli, no spontaneous eye movements, and no vocalization

A

coma

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23
Q

sudden onset of confusion and disorientation often associated with high fever, it is potentially reversible

A

delirium

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24
Q

slowly progressive decline in mental acuity including thinking, judgement, and memory, it is not reversible

A

dementia

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25
Q

damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke or CVA)

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26
Q

temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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27
Q

most common type of stroke; the carotid artery is narrowed and blood flow to the brain is blocked

A

ischemic stroke

28
Q

a clot blocks the artery causing a disruption of blood flow

A

cerebral thrombosis

29
Q

the loss of ability to speak, write, or understand the written or spoken word

A

aphasia

30
Q

bleed in the brain produced when a blood vessel leaks or ruptures, it is a less common but more deadly type of stroke

A

hemorrhagic stroke

31
Q

progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord.

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS OR Lou Gehrig’s disease)

32
Q

paralysis (usually temporary) of the facial nerve that causes drooping on one side of the face

A

bell’s palsy

33
Q

a presumed autoimmune reaction marked by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome (BSS or acute ascending polyneuritis)

34
Q

peripheral nerve damage causes a painful nerve condition of the hands and feet, common contributing conditions are diabetes, alcoholism, autoimmune disease, and exposure to toxic substances

A

peripheral neuropathy

35
Q

an outbreak of the varicella virus herpes zoster causing pain and blistering of the skin along the course of the affected nerve

A

shingles

36
Q

inflammation of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve) characterized by sudden, intense pain on one side of the face

A

trigminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

37
Q

inflammation of the sciatic nerve resulting in pain along the course of the nerve through the thigh and leg

A

sciatica

38
Q

burning pain along a nerve

A

causalgia

39
Q

pain along a nerve

A

neuralgia

40
Q

condition of excessive sensitivity to stimuli

A

hyperesthesia

41
Q

abnormal sensation like burning, tingling, or numbness for no obvious reason

A

paresthesia

42
Q

slight paralysis of half of the body; right or left side

A

hemiparesis

43
Q

paralysis of half of the body

A

hemiplegia

44
Q

slight paralysis of one limb

A

monoparesis

45
Q

paralysis of one limb

A

monoplegia

46
Q

total paralysis

A

panplegia

47
Q

paralysis of four limbs; aka tetraplegia

A

quadriplegia

48
Q

state of continuous muscle contraction that results in rigidity and violent spasms

A

tonic convulsion

49
Q

alternating relaxation and contraction of muscles resulting in jerking movements of the body

A

clonic convulsion

50
Q

specific motor, sensory, or psychomotor phenomena without loss of consciousness

A

localized seizure (partial seizure)

51
Q

a group of disorders in which the main symptom is recurrent seizures

A

epilepsy

52
Q

loss of consciousness and tonic convulsions followed by clonic convulsions

A

generalized tonic-clonic seizure

53
Q

characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A

grand mal epilepsy

54
Q

sudden, temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds, they do not involve convulsive movements and may not noticed

A

petit mal epilepsy (absence epilepsy)

55
Q

a particular sensation experienced just before a seizure that may indicate impending seizure activity

A

epileptic aura

56
Q

the use of a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body

A

computed tomography (CAT scan or CT scan)

57
Q

the use of a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are converted into images

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

58
Q

process of recording electrical brain wave activity producing a readable image on a screen

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

59
Q

radiographic study representing the intracranial fluid-containing spaces of the brain

A

encephalography

60
Q

radiographic study of the spinal cord after injection of contrast medium

A

myelography

61
Q

surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat tumors or seizure disorders

A

lobectomy

62
Q

surgical incision into the thalamus

A

thalamotomy

63
Q

surgical removal of a nerve

A

neurectomy

64
Q

surgical repair of a nerve or nerves

A

neuroplasty

65
Q

surgical dissection or incision of a nerve

A

neurotomy

medical terminology for medical coders (38 decks)

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