Lesson 11 Flashcards by Abigail Aquinde

In 2015, a joint WHO/UNICEF assessment found that over half _____ of sampled facilities from _____ countries had adequate systems in place for the safe disposal of health care wastes

58%
24 countries

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Are tasked to ensure that there are no adverse health effects from health care wastes

Health care facilities

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Refers to all solid or liquid wastes generated by health care

Health care wastes

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According to WHO, between _____ and ______ of wastes generated by health care activities on average are _____

75-90%

Non-hazardous

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High income countries health care wastes produce?

0.5 kg

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Low income countries produce

0.2 kg

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In PH, _____ percent of wastes from health care facilities are _____ while ______ percent are ________

30.37% - Hazardous
69.63% - General Wastes

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PH hospitals generate an average of _____ of infectious sharps and pathological wastes and _____ of general wastes per bed per day

0.34
0.39

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All health care facilities etc. that generates health care wastes are called?

Health care waste generators

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Categories of Health Care wastes (7)

Infectious waste
Pathological and Anatomical waste
Sharps
Pharmaceutical waste
Chemical waste
Radioactive waste
General/Non-hazardous waste

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Waste containing pathogens/toxins ; may cause disease to susceptible host

Infectious waste

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Refers to tissue sections and body fluids derived from biopsies, autopsies etc.

Pathological and Anatomical Waste

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Waste items that can cause cuts, pricks, etc.

Sharps

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Discarded chemicals ; disinfected and sterilization procedures

Chemical waste

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Refers to expired, spilt, and contaminated pharmaceutical products

Pharmaceutical waste

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Refers to waste exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic materials

Radioactive waste

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Refers to waste that have not been in contact with communicable or infectious agents

General/Non-hazardous waste

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Health Care Waste Management system from most preferable to least

Prevent
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Treat
Dispose

Green Procurement

Prevent
Reduce

Resource Development

Reuse
Recycle
Recover

End of Pipe

Treat
Dispose

The most important step in proper management of health care waste

Green Procurement Policy

New application for a used material

Reuse

Used materials to new products

Recycling

Waste is converted to fuel— generating electricity

Energy recovery

The process of changing the biological and chemical characteristics of waste to minimize its potential to cause harm

Waste treatment

Refers to discharging, depositing, placing, or releasing any health care waste into air, land, or water

Waste disposal

Are tasked to ensure that generated wastes are properly and safely managed

Health care facilities

Strong leak proof bin ; biohazard symbol ; yellow plastic ; can withstand autoclaving ; 0.009mm thickness (2)

Infectious Waste Pathological and Anatomical Wastes

Puncture proof ; wide mouth ; biohazard symbol ; liner not applicable ; red

Sharps

Inside the bin— a disposal bottle made of amber-colored glass ; 4 liters capacity ; yellow with black band ; 0.009 mm thickness

Chemical waste

Strong leak proof bin ; cytotoxic ; yellow with black band plastic ; 0.009 mm thickness

Pharmaceutical waste

Radiation proof repositories ; leak proof ; lead-lined container; radionuclide ; orange plastic ; 0.009 mm thickness

Radioactive waste

Optional recyclable symbol ; black or colorless plastic (non-bio) green for bio

General Waste

Thermal decomposition of health care waste in the absence of molecular oxygen ; residues — greasy aggregates/slugs , recoverable metals, carbon black

Pyrolysis

Use of steam sterilization ; efficient wet thermal disinfection process ; 121C (249.8F) 15psi 15-30min ; color-changing tapes, biological test ampules

Autoclave

Typically incorporates some tupe of size reduction device ; shredding of waste ; 100C (237.6 F) 30min ; moist heat

Microwave

Chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide etc. are added to health care wastes to kill or inactive present pathogens. Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) 5 Percent chemical disinfection

Chemical disinfection

Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate health care waste ; suited for large applications

Biological process

Involves the filling of containers with waste, adding and immobilizing material, and sealing the containers

Encapsulation

Suitable for pharmaceutical waste ; cement

Inertization

An engineered site designed to keep waste isolated from the environment

Landfill