Lesson 11

Question 1

In 2015, a joint WHO/UNICEF assessment found that over half _____ of sampled facilities from _____ countries had adequate systems in place for the safe disposal of health care wastes

Answer 1

58%
24 countries

Question 1

Are tasked to ensure that there are no adverse health effects from health care wastes

Answer 1

Health care facilities

Question 2

Refers to all solid or liquid wastes generated by health care

Answer 2

Health care wastes

Question 3

According to WHO, between _____ and ______ of wastes generated by health care activities on average are _____

Answer 3

75-90%

Non-hazardous

Question 4

High income countries health care wastes produce?

Answer 4

0.5 kg

Question 5

Low income countries produce

Answer 5

0.2 kg

Question 6

In PH, _____ percent of wastes from health care facilities are _____ while ______ percent are ________

Answer 6

30.37% - Hazardous
69.63% - General Wastes

Question 7

PH hospitals generate an average of _____ of infectious sharps and pathological wastes and _____ of general wastes per bed per day

Answer 7

0.34
0.39

Question 8

All health care facilities etc. that generates health care wastes are called?

Answer 8

Health care waste generators

Question 9

Categories of Health Care wastes (7)

Answer 9

1. Infectious waste
2. Pathological and Anatomical waste
3. Sharps
4. Pharmaceutical waste
5. Chemical waste
6. Radioactive waste
7. General/Non-hazardous waste

Question 10

Waste containing pathogens/toxins ; may cause disease to susceptible host

Answer 10

Infectious waste

Question 11

Refers to tissue sections and body fluids derived from biopsies, autopsies etc.

Answer 11

Pathological and Anatomical Waste

Question 12

Waste items that can cause cuts, pricks, etc.

Answer 12

Sharps

Question 13

Discarded chemicals ; disinfected and sterilization procedures

Answer 13

Chemical waste

Question 14

Refers to expired, spilt, and contaminated pharmaceutical products

Answer 14

Pharmaceutical waste

Question 15

Refers to waste exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic materials

Answer 15

Radioactive waste

Question 16

Refers to waste that have not been in contact with communicable or infectious agents

Answer 16

General/Non-hazardous waste

Question 17

Health Care Waste Management system from most preferable to least

Answer 17

Prevent
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Treat
Dispose

Question 18

Green Procurement

Answer 18

Prevent
Reduce

Question 19

Resource Development

Answer 19

Reuse
Recycle
Recover

Question 20

End of Pipe

Answer 20

Treat
Dispose

Question 21

The most important step in proper management of health care waste

Answer 21

Green Procurement Policy

Question 22

New application for a used material

Answer 22

Reuse

Question 23

Used materials to new products

Answer 23

Recycling

Question 24

Waste is converted to fuel— generating electricity

Answer 24

Energy recovery

Question 25

The process of changing the biological and chemical characteristics of waste to minimize its potential to cause harm

Answer 25

Waste treatment

Question 26

Refers to discharging, depositing, placing, or releasing any health care waste into air, land, or water

Answer 26

Waste disposal

Question 27

Are tasked to ensure that generated wastes are properly and safely managed

Answer 27

Health care facilities

Question 28

Strong leak proof bin ; biohazard symbol ; yellow plastic ; can withstand autoclaving ; 0.009mm thickness (2)

Answer 28

Infectious Waste
Pathological and Anatomical Wastes

Question 29

Puncture proof ; wide mouth ; biohazard symbol ; liner not applicable ; red

Answer 29

Sharps

Question 30

Inside the bin— a disposal bottle made of amber-colored glass ; 4 liters capacity ; yellow with black band ; 0.009 mm thickness

Answer 30

Chemical waste

Question 31

Strong leak proof bin ; cytotoxic ; yellow with black band plastic ; 0.009 mm thickness

Answer 31

Pharmaceutical waste

Question 32

Radiation proof repositories ; leak proof ; lead-lined container; radionuclide ; orange plastic ; 0.009 mm thickness

Answer 32

Radioactive waste

Question 33

Optional recyclable symbol ; black or colorless plastic (non-bio) green for bio

Answer 33

General Waste

Question 34

Thermal decomposition of health care waste in the absence of molecular oxygen ; residues — greasy aggregates/slugs , recoverable metals, carbon black

Answer 34

Pyrolysis

Question 35

Use of steam sterilization ; efficient wet thermal disinfection process ; 121C (249.8F) 15psi 15-30min ; color-changing tapes, biological test ampules

Answer 35

Autoclave

Question 36

Typically incorporates some tupe of size reduction device ; shredding of waste ; 100C (237.6 F) 30min ; moist heat

Answer 36

Microwave

Question 37

Chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide etc. are added to health care wastes to kill or inactive present pathogens. Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) 5
Percent chemical disinfection

Answer 37

Chemical disinfection

Question 38

Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate health care waste ; suited for large applications

Answer 38

Biological process

Question 39

Involves the filling of containers with waste, adding and immobilizing material, and sealing the containers

Answer 39

Encapsulation

Question 40

Suitable for pharmaceutical waste ; cement

Answer 40

Inertization

Question 41

An engineered site designed to keep waste isolated from the environment

Answer 41

Landfill