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Bacteriology > Lesson 11 > Flashcards

Lesson 11 Flashcards

1
Q

All ferment glucose

A

ENTEROBACTERICEAE

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO CATEGORIES OF MEMBERS OF FAMILY
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE?

A
  1. OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
  2. PRIMARY INTESTINAL PATHOGENS
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS OF FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE?

A

Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Edwardsiella
Hafnia
Klebsiella
Proteus
Providencia
Serratia
Morganella
Ewingella
Plesiomonas

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4
Q

Often part of the normal intestinal flora
May produce serious extraintestinal opportunistic
infections

A

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY INTESTINAL PATHOGENS OF THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE?

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia

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6
Q

True pathogens / Overt pathogens
Not part of the normal intestinal flora

A

PRIMARY INTESTINAL PATHOGENS

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7
Q

It is a normal bowel inhabitant but its pathogenic
classification is somewhere between overt pathogens and
opportunistic pathogens

A

Escherichia coli

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8
Q

ENTEROBACTERICEAE: VIRULENCE AND ANTIGENIC
FACTORS

A

o Ability to colonize, adhere and invade tissues
o Production of toxins
o Presence of plasmids that mediate resistance to
antimicrobials

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9
Q

What are the antigens used for identifying different serological
groups of ENTEROBACTERICEAE?

A
  1. Somatic Antigen (O Ag)
  2. Flagellar Antigen (H Ag)
  3. Capsular Antigen (K Ag)
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10
Q

What type of atigen is located in the cell wall
and heat stable?

A

Somatic Antigen (O Ag)

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11
Q

This type of antigen is Heat labile
only

A

Flagellar Antigen (H Ag)

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12
Q

This type of Antigen is heat labile, Capsule K1 Antigen of E. coli
and Vi Antigen of Salmonella typhi

A

Capsular Antigen (K Ag)

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13
Q

This type of agar can be used
when suspecting enteric pathogens, it is preferred to use selective and differential media

A

Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP) or Blood Agar Plate (BAP)

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14
Q

On BAP, colonies may be haemolytic. It is usually what type of hemolytic?

A

β or non haemolytic

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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA FOR ISOLATION OF
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE?

A
  1. MCA
    o Mac Conkey Agar
  2. EMB
    o Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
  3. XLD
    o Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar
  4. SSA
    o Salmonella-Shigella Agar
  5. HEA
    o Hektoen-Enteric Agar
  6. Sel-F Broth
    ° Selenite F Broth
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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE BIOCHEMICAL TESTS OF ENTEROBACTERICEAE?

A

▪ TSI / KIA
▪ Indole
▪ Citrate Utilization
▪ Urease Production
▪ Motility Test
▪ Decarboxylase Test
▪ ONPG
▪ LIA
▪ MR-VP Test
▪ PAD
▪ Nitrate Reduction Test

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17
Q

o Inhabitants of the intestinal tract
o Most ferment lactose
o Colonies on MCA resembles those of E. coli

A

GENUS CITROBACTER

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18
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE CITROBACTER

A

Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter diversus
Citrobacter amaloniticus
Citrobacter koseri
Citrobacter braakii

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19
Q

What are the associated with infectious diseases acquired in hospital settings of Citrobacter freundii?

A

➢ UTI
➢ Pneumonia
➢ Intraabdominal abscess
➢ Endocarditis
➢ Septicemia
➢ Meningitis
➢ Brain abscess and neurologic complications

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20
Q

Colonial morphology may be easily mistaken for that of Salmonella
May harbor inducible AmpC genes that encode
resistance to ampicillin and first generation
cephalosporins

A

Citrobacter freundii

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21
Q

Causes nursery outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and
brain abscess

A

Citrobacter diversus

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22
Q

Frequently found in feces (not a causative agent of
diarrhea)
and Have been isolated from blood and wound

A

Citrobacter amalonaticus

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23
Q

Formerly Aerobacter
Frequently associated with health-care associated
infections
May harbour plasmids that encode multiple antibiotic
resistance genes

A

GENUS ENTEROBACTER

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24
Q

 A /A
 Lysine (-)
 Ornithine (+)
 Motility (+)
 IMVC: –+ +

A

Enterobacter cloacae

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25
Q

 Formerly Enterobacter agglomerans

 Associated with outbreak of septicemia due to
contaminated IV fluids

A

Pantoea agglomerans

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26
Q

 Formerly Enterobacter sakazakii
 Pathogen associated with bacteremia, meningitis and
necrotizing colitis in neonates
 Isolated from brain abscesses, respiratory and wound
infections

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

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27
Q

 Found in respiratory samples
 Rarely isolated from blood cultures

A

Enterobacter gergoviae

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28
Q

 Now called, Klebsiella aerogenes
 Lysine (+)

A

Enterobacter aerogenes

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29
Q

Isolated from blood, wound, sputum

A

Enterobacter hormaechei

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30
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE ENTEROBACTER

A

Enterobacter cloacae
Pantoea agglomerans
Cronobacter sakazakii
Enterobacter gergoviae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter hormaechei
Enterobacter taylorae
Enterobacter amnigenus
Enterobacter asburiae
Enterobacter intermedius

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31
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE EDWARDSIELLA

A

Edwardsiella tarda
Edwardsiella hoshinae

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32
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE HAFNIA

A

Hafnia alvei

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33
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE KLEBSIELLA

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella terrigena
Klebsiella group 47

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34
Q

Give me the subspecies of Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae
Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. rhinoscleromatis

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35
Q

Give me the 2 Klebsiella group 47

A

Klebsiella ornithinolytica
Klebsiella planticola

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36
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PROTEUS

A

Proteus vulgaris
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus penneri

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37
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PROVIDENCIA

A

Providencia rettgeri
Providencia stuartii
Providencia alcalifaciens
Providencia rustigianii

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38
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE SERRATIA

A

Serratia marcescens
Serratia rubidea
Serratia liquefaciens
Serratia odorifera
Serratia ficaria
Serratia grimesii
Serratia proteamaculans
Serratia fonticola
Serratia plymuthica

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39
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE MORGANELLA

A

Morganella morganii
Morganella psychrotolerans

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40
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE EWINGELLA

A

Ewingella americana

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41
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE PLESIOMONAS

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

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42
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE SALMONELLA

A

Salmonella typhosa/typhi
Salmonella cholerasuis
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella bongori

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43
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE SHIGELLA

A

Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexnerii
Shigella boydii
Shigella sonnei

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44
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE YERSINIA

A

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia intermedia
Yersinia kristensenii
Yersinia frederiksenii
Yersinia aldovae
Yersinia ruckeri

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45
Q

GIVE ME THE GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE ESCHERICHIA

A

Escherichia coli
Escherichia hermannii
Escherichia vulneris
Escherichia fergusonii
Escherichia blattae

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46
Q

o Infrequently encountered in the clinical laboratory as
cause of gastroenteritis
o Associated with water harboring fish and turtles and
rarely on humans
o Opportunistic pathogen to immunocompromised hosts
that may develop serious wound infections and
myonecrosis

A

GENUS EDWARDSIELLA

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47
Q

It is the only recognized human pathogen in Genus Edwardsiella

A

Edwardsiella tarda

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48
Q

o Formerly Enterobacter hafniae
o Associated with gastrointestinal linfections
o Resides in GIT of humans and animals

A

GENUS HAFNIA

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49
Q

o Inhabitants of then asopharynx and GIT
o Absence of motility distinguishes this species from
other members of Enterobacteriaceae family
° Associated with variety of infections including liver
abscess, pneumonia, septicaemia and UTI

A

GENUS KLEBSIELLA

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50
Q

 Most commonly isolated species in the genus Klebsiella
 Friedlander’s bacillus
All strains are resistant to ampicillin

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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51
Q

CLINICAL INFECTIONS OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE

A

➢ Lower RT infections in hospitalized patients, newborns,
elderly and seriously ill patients on respirators
➢ Wound infections
➢ UTI
➢ Bacteremia
➢ Nosocomial outbreaks in newborn nurseries
➢ Severe enteritis
➢ Septicemia
➢ Meningitis

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52
Q

 Only indole (+) member of Klebsiella
 Disease is similar to K. pneumoniae
 Same strains carry a heat-labile cytotoxin which has
been isolated from patients who have developed a self-
limiting antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis

A

Klebsiella oxytoca

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53
Q

A Klebsiella group 47 which is an environmental organism which also cause UTI and wound infection

A

Klebsiella planticola

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54
Q

o Normal in habitants of GIT
o Actively motile at 37°C
o NLF
o Able to deaminate phenylalanine
o “Swarming” appearance on BAP

A

GENUS PROTEUS

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55
Q

Different Proteus strain swarm but does not
swarm with each other leaving a demarcation
line between them

A

DIENES PHENOMENON

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56
Q

Has same antigenic structure as Rickettsiae. Ag of some strains of this species can be used
to diagnose (Weil Felix Test: OX2, OX19 and
OXk)

A

Proteus vulgaris

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57
Q

 Formerly Proteus vulgaris strain
 A newly recognized species

A

Proteus penneri

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58
Q

o Biochemically similar to Proteus
o Normal inhabitants of GIT
o Most commonly associated with UTI
o Associated with nosocomial outbreaks
o No clear clinical association exists when these
organisms are isolated

A

GENUS PROVIDENCIA

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59
Q

 Formerly Proteus rettgeri
 Pathogen of urinary tract
 Has caused occasional nosocomial outbreaks

A

Providencia rettgeri

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60
Q

 Nosocomial outbreaks in burn units
 Isolated from urine cultures

A

Providencia stuartii

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61
Q

Associated with gastroenteritis especially in children

A

Providencia alcalifaciens

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62
Q

o Colonizers and are known to cause pathogenic
infections in health care settings
o Opportunistic pathogens associated with nosocomial outbreaks
o Capable of survival under very harsh environmental conditions
o Resistant to many disinfectants

A

GENUS SERRATIA

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63
Q

 Usually considered clinically important
 Frequently found in hospital acquired infections of the
UT and RT
 Also associated with bacteremic outbreaks in nurseries,
cardiac surgery and burn units

A

Serratia marcescens

64
Q

A non-water soluble red pigment known as

A

PRODIGIOSIN

65
Q

 Also produces PRODIGIOSIN
 Have also been isolated from human sources

A

Serratia rubidea

66
Q

Have also been isolated from human sources

A

Serratia liquefaciens

67
Q

Gives off a characteristic dirty, musty, pungent odor like potatoes

A

Serratia odorifera

68
Q

What biogroup in Serratia odorifera that is Isolated from RT and Ornithine (+), Sucrose (+), may be
indole + (60%)

A

Biogroup 1

69
Q

What biogroup in Serratia odorifera that is Isolated from RT
and Ornithine (-), Sucrose (-), may be
indole + (50%)

A

Biogroup 2

70
Q

o Found ubiquitously throughout the environment
o Normal in habitants of GIT
o Often associated with stool specimens from patients with symptoms of diarrhea
o Commonly isolated in clinical laboratory, however its clinical significance has not been clearly defined
o Biochemically similar to Proteus
o Can cause UTI
o Has been implicated in post operative infections and other nosocomial infections

A

GENUS MORGANELLA

71
Q

Formerly Proteus morganii

A

Morganella morganii

72
Q

WHAT ARE THE TRIBE PROTEAE?

A

Genus Proteus
Genus Providencia
Genus Morganella

73
Q

 Has been identified from blood and wound isolates
 Organism is biochemically inactive
 Currently, no recommended identification scheme has been identified

A

GENUS EWINGELLA

74
Q

This Genus now has been included in the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Fresh water in habitant
Can cause gastroenteritis, most frequently, in children

A

GENUS PLESIOMONAS

75
Q

o Facultative anaerobe
o Motile
o Non-encapsulated
o NLF
o Motile with peritrichous flagella except for 2 species
o Isolated from intestines of humans and animals

A

GENUS SALMONELLA

76
Q

ID of Genus Salmonella is primarily based on?

A

✓ Ability of organism to use citrate as the sole
source of carbon
✓ Ability of organism to use lysine as nitrogen
source in combination with H2S production

77
Q

According to Kauffmann-White Antigenic Scheme

A

There are 2000 species of Salmonella
because of its antigenic type

78
Q

According to Ewing

A

Proposed only 3 species

79
Q

Eberth’s Bacillus

A

Salmonella typhosa / typhi

80
Q

Standard test organism for determining the efficacy of disinfectants

A

Salmonella cholerasuis

81
Q
  • All other serotypes are defined as serotype of
    Salmonella enteritidis
  • Salmonella typhimurium became Salmonella enteritidis serotype typhimurium
A

Salmonella enteritidis

82
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO PRIMARY SPECIES OF GENUS SALMONELLA?

A

i. Salmonella enterica (human pathogen)

ii. Salmonella bongori (animal pathogen)

83
Q

What are the 6 subspecies of Salmonella enterica?

A

✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica

✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie salamae
✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie arizonae

✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie diarizonae
✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie houtenae
✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie indica

84
Q

What are the serogroups with unique vilurence properties of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica?

A

➢ Salmonella typhi
➢ Salmonella paratyphi
➢ Salmonella choleraesuis

85
Q

What are the serogroups with unique vilurence properties of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica?

A

✓ Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica
➢ Further subdivided into serogroups with
unique virulence properties
➢ Salmonella typhi
➢ Salmonella paratyphi
➢ Salmonella choleraesuis

86
Q

Most serious pathogens for humans causing
enteric fever

A

Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica

87
Q

Formerly Arizona hinshawii
Associated with human infections acquired
from pet turtles, snakes and fish

A

Salmonella enterica subspecie arizonae

88
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS OF GENUS SALMONELLA

A

➢ Fimbriae for adherence
✓ Ability to traverse intestinal mucosa
➢ Enterotoxin
✓ Causes gastroenteritis

89
Q

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE
OF GENUS SALMONELLA

A
  1. Heat –Stable Somatic O Antigens
  2. Heat-Labile Flagellar H Antigens
  3. Heat-Labile Capsular K Antigens
90
Q

Treatable with ethanol or acid

A

Heat-Labile Flagellar H Antigens

91
Q

What are the two phases of Heat-Labile Flagellar H Antigens?

A

Phase 1/Specific Phase
Phase 2/Non-specific Phase

92
Q

✓ Occur only in small number of
serotypes
✓ Agglutinate only with homogenous
antisera
✓ Determine the immunologic identity
of the particular serotype

A

Phase 1 / Specific Phase

93
Q

✓ Occur among several strains
✓ React with heterogeneous antisera
✓ Shared by numerous serotypes

A

Phase 2 / Non-specific Phase

94
Q

What are the Clinical infections of Genus Salmonella?

A

Gastroenteritis
Typhoid Fever

95
Q

➢ Designated as Vi antigen (Virulent Ag)
➢ Found in S. typhi and few other strains
➢ Helps evade phagocytosis
➢ Most often blocks the O Ag during serologic typing

A

Heat-Labile Capsular K Antigens

96
Q

➢ Results from ingestion of the organism through
contaminated food
➢ Strains associated are usually found in animals
(serotypes of S. enteritidis)
➢ Sources of infection poultry, milk, eggs and egg
products as well as handling pets
➢ Occurs when sufficient number of organism contaminate food that is maintained under inadequate refrigeration, thus allowing growth and multiplication of the organism

A

GASTROENTERITIS

97
Q

What is the Infective Dose of Salmonella in Gastroenteritis?

A

10,000,000 bacteria

98
Q

What are the antimicrobials of choice for salmonella?

A

Chloramphenicol
Ampicillin
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole

99
Q

➢ Enteric Fever caused by S. typhi
➢ Results from the ingestion of food contaminated with the organism originating from infected individuals as carriers

A

TYPHOID FEVER

100
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Typhoid Fever?

A

✓ Prolonged fever
✓ Bacteremia
✓ involvement of RES (particularly liver, spleen,
intestines and mesentery)
✓ dissemination to multiple organs
✓ develops approximately 9-14 days after
ingestion of the organism depending on the
number of organisms ingested

101
Q

➢ Caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella
➢ Characterized primarily by prolonged fever and
intermittent bacteremia
➢ Most commonly associated strains are; S. typhimurium, S. paratyphi A and B, S. cholerasuis

A

BACTEREMIA

102
Q

Individuals who recover from the infection may harbour the organisms in the gallbladder which becomes the site
of chronic carriage

A

CARRIER STATE

103
Q
  • Very closely related to Escherichia, belongs to tribe
    Escherichieae
  • All species can cause bacillary dysentery but vary in
    epidemiology, mortality rate and severity of disease
    produced
  • Highly communicable because of the low infective dose required to produce the disease
A

GENUS SHIGELLA

104
Q

It is characterized by the presence of blood,
mucus and pus in the stool
✓ Occurs in an epidemic dimension

A

Dysentery

105
Q

______ with shigellosis may transiently lose the reflexive closing of the anal canal with external pressure as from a cotton swab

A

Infants

106
Q

The only reservoir of Shigella

A

Humans

107
Q

WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATION OF SHIGELLA BASED ON MANNITOL FERMENTATION?

A

A. NON-MANNITOL FERMENTERS

B. MANNITOL FERMENTERS

108
Q
  • Dysentery Bacillus or Shiga’s Bacillus
  • Very Infectious
A

Shigella dysenteriae

109
Q

Two types of Toxin of Shigella dysenteriae

A

Exotoxin- neurotoxin
Enterotoxin- similar to cholera toxin

110
Q

what Shigella species are Non-Lactose Fermenters?

A

Shigella flexnerii
Shigella boydii

111
Q

Strong’s Bacillus

A

Shigella flexnerii

112
Q

Boyd’s Bacillus or Newcastle-Menchester Bacillus (new name)

A

Shigella boydii

113
Q

what are the two types of Mannitol Fermenters?

A

Non-Lactose Fermenters
Late Lactose Fermenters

114
Q

Sonne Duval Bacillus or Sonne’s Bacillus

A

Shigella sonnei

115
Q

Suspected strains that cannot be typed by serologic
methods should be referred to a ________ for further testing

A

reference laboratory

116
Q

Remains the most virulent species with significant
morbidity and high mortality

A

Shigella dysenteriae

117
Q

What are the COMPLICATIONS of Shigella dysenteriae?

A

➢ Obstruction in the intestines with marked abdominal dilatation possibly leading to toxic mega colon
➢ Bacteremia
➢ Seizures : may occur during Shigella strain infection
➢ HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome), exclusively
associated with S. dysenteriae type 1 shigellosis

118
Q

Leading isolate in “GAY BOWEL SYNDROME”

A

Shigella flexneri

119
Q

✓ Predominant isolate in the US followed by S. flexneri
✓ Infection is usually short
✓ Self-limiting disease characterized by fever and watery
diarrhea

A

Shigella sonnei

120
Q

GENUS YERSINIA
was named after a French Microbiologist
and who isolated the plague bacillus 1894

A

Alexander Yersin

121
Q

Microaerophilic
and Short Gram (-) coccobacillus

A

Genus Yersinia

122
Q

A Causative agent of plague that shows intense staining at each end of the bacillius
referred to as ”bipolar staining” using Wayson Stain or Methylene Blue giving a “safety pin” appearance

A

Yersinia pestis

123
Q

A life –threatening disease of rodents transmitted to
humans by bites of fleas

A

PLAGUE

124
Q

This type of vector fleas that normally infest brown and black rats

A

Xenopsylla cheopsis

125
Q

THREE (3) PLAGUE PANDEMIC

A
  1. Started near Egypt in 542 AD, ravaged Europe for 50 years, killing 100 M people
  2. Started in the 14thCentury –The Black Death, killing 25 M Europeans, ¼ of the population at that time
  3. Started in Burma in 1890’s and spread to many parts of the world
126
Q

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF PLAGUE?

A

A. BUBONIC PLAGUE / GLANDULAR PLAGUE

B. PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
C. SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE

127
Q

➢ Usually results form the bite of an infected
insect vector
➢ Characteristic symptoms appear 2 –5 days
after infection
➢ Symptoms include high fever with painful
regional lymph nodes as buboes begin to
appear

A

BUBONIC PLAGUE / GLANDULAR PLAGUE

128
Q

Occurs secondary to the bubonic plague
when organisms proliferate in the blood stream and respiratory tract
Fatality rate is high if patients remain untreated
90% mortality rate

A

PNEUMONIC PLAGUE

129
Q

➢ 97-99% Mortality Rate
➢ Black Death – black purpuric lesions all over
the body called as “Generalized Schwartzman Phenomenon”

A

SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE

130
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF A YERSINIA PESTIS

A

➢ Stained Smear

➢ Culture

➢ Transport Medium

➢ Animal Inoculation Test
➢ Fluorescent Antibody Test

131
Q

 Most commonly isolated species of the genus
 Morphologically resembles other Yersinia species: g(-) coccobacilli, bipolar staining
 Also grows on routine media, BAP, MCA
 Has optimal growth temperature of 25°C –30°C
 Motility is clearly noted at 25C but not at 35 C
 Cold enrichment has provided better recovery

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

132
Q

A selective medium to detect the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica

A

CIN Agar

133
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica infection manifest in several forms

A

Acute Enteritis
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

Arthritis
Erythema Nodosum

134
Q

 Appears as atypical looking plague bacillus
 May be differentiated from Y. pestis by its motility at 18 C-22 C, production of urease and the ability to ferment rhamnose

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

135
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes a disease characterized by caseous swelling called

A

pseudotubercles

136
Q

Most significant species in the genus

Associated with GIT, UT, Meningeal (newborns), Wound and Bacteremic Infections
Most strains are motile
Possess both sex pili and adhesive fimbriae

A

Escherichia coli

137
Q

FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF DIARRHEAGENIC E. COLI

A
  1. Enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC)
  2. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
  3. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
  4. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
  5. Enteroaggregative/ Enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC)
138
Q

TWO CATEGORIES OF EXTRAINTESTINAL E. COLI INFECTIONS

A

UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (UPEC)

MENINGITIS/ SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED E.. COLI (MNEC)

139
Q

OTHER EXTRAINTESTINAL E. COLI INFECTIONS

A
  1. BACTEREMIA
  2. Nosocomial Infections of other body sites
140
Q

➢ coli atypical or enteric group ll
➢ Has been isolated from spinal fl

A

Escherichia hermannii

141
Q

➢ Isolated from wound
➢ May also produce yellow pigmented colonies
(more than half of the strains)

A

Escherichia vulneris

142
Q

➢ From scientist William Ferguso
➢ Multiple abscesses following a gunshot to the abdomen

A

Escherichia fergusonii

143
Q

Has only been isolated from the intestine of
cockroach

A

Escherichia blattae

144
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING GROUP A

A

✓ Ampicillin
✓ *Cefazolin
✓ Gentamicin
✓ Tobramycin

145
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING GROUP B

A

✓ Amikacin
✓ Amoxicillin-clavulanate
✓ Ampicillin-Sulbactam
✓ Piperacillin-tazobactam
✓ Ticarcillin-clavulanate
✓ Cefuroxime
✓ Cefepime
✓ Cefoxitin
✓ Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone
✓ Ciprofloxacin
✓ Levofloxacin
✓ Imipenem
✓ Meropenem
✓ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

146
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
GROUP C

A

✓ Aztreonam
✓ Ceftazidime
✓ Chloramphenicol
✓ Tetracycline

147
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
GROUP O

A

✓ Aztreonam
✓ Ceftazidime
✓ Chloramphenicol
✓ Tetracycline
GROUP O
✓ Cefamandole
✓ Cefoperazone
✓ Ceftizoxime
✓ Cefaclor
✓ Cefixime
✓ Cefpodoxime
✓ Kanamycin
✓ Netilmicin
✓ Streptomycin
✓ Doxycycline
✓ Minocycline
✓ Gatifloxacin
✓ Cinoxacin
✓ Nalidixic Acid

148
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
GROUP U

A

✓ *Cefazolin
✓ Lomefloxacin or
✓ Ofloxacin
✓ Norfloxacin
✓ Nitrofurantoin
✓ Trimethoprim

149
Q

An adhesion known as ___________ is a major virulence factor of Enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC)

A

INTIMIN

150
Q

For definitive ID, enteroinvasiveness must be
demonstrated:

A

a. Serenty Test – bioassay with a positive result of Keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pig
b. Monolayer cell cultures with Hep-2 cells

151
Q

Also known as Verotoxin-Producing E. coli (VTEC) and Serotoxigenic E. coli (STEC)

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

152
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO CYTOTOXINS OF Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?

A

a. Verotoxin I
➢ Serologically cross-reactive with Shiga toxin
b. Verotoxin II
➢ Not neutralized by the Ab to Shiga toxin

153
Q
  • Associated with diarrhea in both adults and infants in tropical and sub tropical climates
  • Major cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries
  • Major cause of “travellers diarrhea” among persons
    from developed countries visiting third world countries
A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

154
Q
  • Actual pathogenic mechanism is unknown
  • Mode of transmission not well understood
A

Enteroaggregative/ Enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC)

155
Q

Major cause of E. coli associated UTI

A

UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI (UPEC)

156
Q

Causes neonatal meningitis resulting to high morbidity and moratlity

A

MENINGITIS/ SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED E.. COLI (MNEC)

Bacteriology (7 decks)

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