Lesson 10.01.05: Oil and NG Introduction Flashcards
Brent Crude
From North Sea Brent
West Texas Intermediate
Midland, TX and Odessa, TX
Arabian Light
Saudi Arabia
Sweet Crude
Has low sulfur content.
Sour Crude
Has high sulfur content.
Light Crude
API Gravity less than 10 (will float on water).
Heavy Crude
API Gravity greater than 10 (will sink in water).
Class A Crude (Toxicity)
- Light, highly liquid volatile oils that spread quickly on impenetrable surfaces and water
- Strong odor
- Evaporates quickly and emits flammable fumes easily
- Penetrates porous surfaces
Class B Crude (Toxicity)
- Less toxic
- Feels waxy or oily
- The warmer it gets, the more likely it will soak into porous surfaces and be hard to remove
Class C Crude (Toxicity)
- Heavy, tarry oils
- Includes residual fuel oils and medium to heavy crudes
- Slow to penetrate porous solids
- Not highly toxic
Class D Crude (Toxicity)
- Thick oils that won’t seep into porous surfaces
- Comparatively non-toxic
- Mostly black or dark brown
- Heavy crude oils such as the bitumen found in tar sands
Western Canadian Select
Canada’s largest commercial heavy oil stream comprised of bitumen, conventional oil, synthetic crude, and diluent.
Marketable streams of crude oil have unique specifications defined by their:
- density
- viscosity
- sulfur content
Note: they require their own separate storage facility and pipeline access.
Non-Upgraded Bitumen is produced from where?
Alberta Oil Sands
Upgraded Bitumen is also known as?
Light Synthetic Crude Oil (SCO)
What are crude oil specifications? (API Density, Sulfur Content, Density)
- API Density: 20.5° to 21.5°
- Sulfur Content: 3.0% to 3.5%
- Density: 925kg/m^3 to 935kg/m^3
Crude is more valuable when?
It is less processed or refined.
During refining, what product(s) are produced at lowest temperatures?
Liquid Petroleum Gases (LPG)
During refining, what product(s) are produced at middle-ranged temperatures?
- Jet fuel
- Home heating oil
- Diesel Fuel
During refining, what product(s) are produced at highest distillation temperatures (1000°F)?
- Heaviest products: fuel oil and lubricants
During refining, what product(s) are produced at a range of distillation temperatures?
- Lighter oils, more desirable and in-demand products
What is Natural Gas?
Natural Gas: a hydrocarbon made up of compounds of hydrogen and carbon
What is the simplest hydrocarbon?
Methane and it contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
What are the characteristics of natural gas?
NG is both colorless and odorless and is a mixture of hydrocarbon gasses.
What are the most common hydrocarbon gasses?
Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane
Where is NG found?
NG is found in reservoirs where large layers of rock trap the gas as it floats to the surface.
