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PALEO 101 > Lesson 10) Palaeogeography and Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Lesson 10) Palaeogeography and Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

Alfred Wegener

A

Came up with Pangaea // continental drift

problem: he did not show how bigass land masses were able to move like dat

  • The reason why Triassic and Jurassic Dino’s were found all over the world— bc there where no borders
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2
Q

Name Earth layer orders (outermost -> middle)

A

1. Crust: 2-25 km

2. mantle: 2500 km

3. core:

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3
Q

Mantle

Name parts of the mantle (outermost -> middle)

A

2nd.
Viscous that flows

1. Lithosphere: Upper portion solid, composed of discrete pieces that fit together

2. Asthenosphere:
- slow, viscous
- Shape deformed under uneven weight of lithosphere

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4
Q

Core

Name parts of the core (outermost -> innermost)

A

Iron and Nickel

1. Outer Core:: molten liquid

2. Inner core: Solid ball
- 5700 degrees C

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5
Q

Convection Currents

A

Caused by extreme heat of Earth’s inner layers

Asthenosphere - Heat/expand -> cool/sink

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6
Q

Plates

A

Pieces of lithosphere affected by convection currents

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7
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

Movement of lithosphere
- Explain continental drift

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8
Q

What periods was Pangaea made in between?

A

Permian <-> Triassic

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9
Q

Panthalassa

A

Single super ocean

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10
Q

Diplodocids

A

Jurassic VERY long neck sauropods
- Shorter front legs<hind
- weird ass faces
- Peggy teeth at front of mouths
- high browser
- Gone extinct early Cretaceous

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11
Q

Macronarians

A

Jurassic sauropods
- do not have whip tail
- robust
- No leg differences: however in some Dino’s (eg— brachiosaurus and giraffatitans) front>back
- Long necks
- High browser

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12
Q

Ecological niche

A

Animal’s job in the ecosystem (and what it does to survive)

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13
Q

Niche partitioning

A

Ecological phenomenon of which two species w/ similar niches can avoid direct competition.

Eg) Diplodocids are adapted to eat and reach high foliage, while macronarians were less picky eaters and could eat more types of hardy food bc they more teeth (ate what Diplodocids left behind)

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14
Q

Thyreophorans

A

Jurrasic herbivorian orinthischians w/ body armor
- eg) stegosaurus
- African Asia Europe, NA

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15
Q

Ornithopods

A

Small Jurassic ornithischians
- Small, but had long legs for speed

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16
Q

Allosaurid

A

carnivorous dinosaurs that reigned supreme in Jurrasic
- Stiff spines
- long legs -> fast
- eg) allosaurus

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17
Q

Coelurosaurs

A

Jurrasic carnivores
- Narrow heads, long Sarah vertebrae, lightweight tails
- small
- eg) Compsoganthus
- Evolved into BIRDS

18
Q

What were the two continents that Pangaea split into? When did it happen?

A

During the Jurassic Pangaea split into :
1
1. Laurasia: northern
- NA, EUR, Asia

2. Gondwana: southern
- SA, AUS, Africa, Antarctica, Madagascar, India

They did not split into todays continents until long after dinosaur extinction

19
Q

What are some Early Cretacian Dino’s in NA and Europe?

A

Iguanodontians, ankylosaurs, brachiosaurids

20
Q

What are some Early Cretacian Dino’s in Africa?

A

Spinosaurs, carcharodontosaurids

21
Q

What are some Early Cretacian Dino’s in Asia?

A

Coelurosaurian, ceratopsians

22
Q

Titanosaurs

A

New type of macronarian that dominated in the late Cretaceous.
- Most robust sauropod
- Broad and wife, limbs spaced apart for stability
- Many had osteoderms/armor
- eg) argentinosaurus- the largest creature on Earth.
- More common in Gondwana

23
Q

Carchadontosaur

A

Late Cretaceous theropods
- shark teeth
- type of allosauroid
- bigger heads, longer jaws
- some of the biggest theropods
- *eg) gigantosaurus (outsizes tyrannosaurus rex!)

24
Q

Abelisaurs

A

Late Cretaceous carnivores of SA
- last survivors of ceratosaurids
- short muzzles and tiny teeth
- short, stubby arms
- hunted less difficult prey compared to carchadontosaurs to fill ecological niche

25
Q

Ankylosaurids

A

Ankylosaurs with famous tail clubs
- backwards pointing horns at skull rear
- short round snout

26
Q

Nodosaurids

A

ANkylosaurs that lacked tail clubs , but had other weapons like osteoderms
- No skull horns
- Snouts narrow and elongated

27
Q

Hadrosaurs

A

Iguanodonts that evolved in late Cretaceous
- Northerns most successful herbivores

28
Q

Lambeosaurine

A

Advanced hadrosaurs
- big crest on head which inside is a nasal passageway
- BLowing air thru passage amplifys calls

29
Q

Hadrosaurines

A

Advanced hadrosaurs
- Some not all had crests (eg) Saurolophu, Edmontonosaurus)

30
Q

Marginocephalians

A

“Fringe heads”
HErbivorous dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous
- overhanging lip bone at back margin of skull
- Two major groups
1. Pachycephalosaurs
2. Marginocephalians

31
Q

Primitive ceratopsians

A

Small bipedal dinosaurs
- Large beaks
- small cheek horns
- eg) Psittacosaurus
- more Asian

More advanced ceratopsians:
- eg) riceratoprs
- Exclusively NA

32
Q

Tyrannosaurs

A

Descendants of coelurosaurs
That dominated late Cretaceous Laurasia
- Evolved even longer legs and much stiffer vertebral column
- big skulls and jaw muscles
- As they evolved, they asses got chibi proportions so to compensate for they bigass heads they lost weight in arms and hands (refer to Tyrannosaurus rex)

33
Q

Ornithomimids

A

Cretaceous coelurosaur
- Ostrich-like
- Long clawed for limbs + large tail
- not predatory

34
Q

Maniraptorans

A

Cretaceous coelurosaurs that developed semulinate carpals: crescent bones that let hand fold backwards sharply
- can be birds (carpals let birds fold wings)

35
Q

Oviraptorosaurs

A

Manoraptorian theropods of Cretaceous
- large and vegetarian
- lost teeth for beaks
- Cranial crests
- feather fan tails

36
Q

Dromaeosaurs

A

Cretaceous maniraptorians
- Sickle-clawed

37
Q

Therizinosaurs

A

Cretaceous laurasian maniraptorian coelurosaur theropods
- Weird ass bitches
- BIG ASS CLAWS
- small skulls, long neck
- hind feet walker
- close relatives to oviraptorosaurs

38
Q

Faunal Interchange

A

Phenomenon when plate tectonics bring continents that were once separated, back together

eg) Asia and NA w/ similar dinos

39
Q

Why tf was in so hot in the Mesozoic Era?

A

Largely bc of volcanic activity releasing large amounts of CO2. Some other reasons include:

  1. Only 2 continents, which affected air circulation and water currents
    - Ocean currents distribute heat between places
40
Q

Why tf were sea level changing in the Mesozoic Era?

A

BC it was so hot polar icecaps and glaciers did not exist (. They were liquid!!!). Also thermal expansion HAHAHA my oatmeal exploded in the microwave bc of that

41
Q

During the Mesozoic, NA was divided onto separate island subcontinents:

A

Laramidia: West

Appalachia: East

PALEO 101 (6 decks)

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