Lesson 10, Atomic Radius and Electronegativity Flashcards
What is atomic radius?
It is the distance between the furthermost orbital to the nucleus
What is the trend of atomic radius across a period in the periodic table?
Decreases across the period
This trend is due to the increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.
What happens to atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?
Increases down the group
This increase is due to the addition of electrons in new orbitals that are further from the nucleus.
Why does the atomic radius decrease across a period?
The nucleus becomes stronger as atomic number increases, pulling electrons closer
A stronger nucleus results in a greater attractive force on the electrons.
Fill in the blank: The atomic radius _______ as you move down a group.
increases
True or False: The atomic radius increases across a period.
False
The atomic radius actually decreases across a period.
What effect does adding electrons to outer orbits have on atomic size when moving down a group?
Electrons are not pulled as tightly by the nucleus, making atoms larger
This is due to the increased distance of outer electrons from the nucleus.
what is electronegativity?
an atom’s ability to attract electrons towards itself
Electronegativity increases in what part of the periodic table?
Rows/periods
Electronegativity decreases down what part of the periodic table?
Period/column
What occurs during the formation of ions?
The loss or gain of electrons to or from other groups
think BALANCE OF ELECTRONS
What happens when sodium (Na) loses one electron?
It is gained by chlorine (Cl), resulting in Na+ (cation) and Cl¯ (anion)
What type of bond is formed between Na+ and Cl¯?
An ionic bond
What is ionic bonding?
The exchange or transfer of electrons resulting in the formation of solid crystalline structures
Provide an example of a compound formed through ionic bonding.
NaCl (sodium chloride or table salt)
What is the significance of a ΔEN greater than 1.7?
It indicates an ionic bond between two elements
What does a large electronegativity difference suggest?
One element has a strong pull on electrons while the other has a weak pull
What is the result of the more electronegative atom in ionic bonding?
It can completely strip an electron away from the less electronegative atom
What are the charged particles formed in ionic bonding?
Anions and cations
True or False: Electronegativity affects the ability to form ionic bonds.
True
