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EQ3 Coasts AS Geography > Lesson 10 > Flashcards

Lesson 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What Geologic time period is the earth currently in?

A

Holocene

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2
Q

What is the earths current glacial period?

A

interglacial

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3
Q

What has the interglacial period resulted in?

A

land loss due to water submerging it

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4
Q

What are eustatic changes in sea level?

A

changes in the volume of water on a global scale

Exchange of water between oceans, ice and glaciers

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5
Q

What does eustatic mean?

A

When there is more water in the ocean or a change in the shape of the sea bed so more water can be stored

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6
Q

What are isostatic changes in sea level?

A

Changes that result in an increase or decrease in the height of land relative to the sea level.
When land decreases sea level rises.

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7
Q

During an ice age what are isostatic changes caused by?

A

build up of ice on land which causes water to be stored in glaciers causing the land to be heavier so it sinks slightly causing sea level to rise. This is compression

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8
Q

What happens at the end of an ice age?

A

ice melts so land begins to rise up again causing sea level to fall. This is decompression/isostatic rebound

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9
Q

How fast does isostatic rebound take place?

A

incredibly slowly

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10
Q

How does tectonic uplift or decompression cause sea level to change?

A

plates rise or fall changing the sea level bu tit only takes place in certain areas

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11
Q

What are responsible for isostatic changes?

A

subsidence and uplift

seafloor spreading

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12
Q

What changes happened during ice ages?

A

eustatic

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13
Q

What happens to sea levels during an ice age?

A

fall as huge volumes of water are transported to glaciers and ice caps.

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14
Q

What are glacio-eustatic changes?

A

when sea levels change in response to ice melting

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15
Q

Evidence of past sea levels?

A

Shoreline deposits
Exposed rock containing fossils
exposed coral reefs
Marine rocks displaying evidence of wind borne erosion

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16
Q

How to establish dates of past sea levels?

A

radio carbon and uranium series dating

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17
Q

What are 3 factors influencing sea level change?

A

climate change
human impact
tectonic activity

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18
Q

What is decompression/isostatic rebound?

A

ice melts so land begins to rise up again causing sea level to fall.

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19
Q

What is compression?

A

build up of ice on land which causes water to be stored in glaciers causing the land to be heavier so it sinks slightly causing sea level to rise.

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20
Q

How does tectonic activity influence sea level?

A

Planet warmed as ice melts so land isostatically rebounds, uplift can result in isostatic drops in sea level regionally. Earthquakes can cause uplift and depressions as of movement on fault lines

21
Q

How does climate change influence sea level?

A

Temperatures drop globally, ice caps and glaciers grow through abstraction and storage of sea water

22
Q

How does human impact influence sea level?

A

wetland modification: Heavy sediment can cause compaction and subsidence which lowers land surface.
Extraction of resources: complications in land followed by subsidence, more susceptible to erosion and sea level rise
Green house gasses: long wave radiation increased global temperatures and sea level

23
Q

What are the consequences of sea level rise? (4)

A

Accelerated erosion
Flooding of urban areas
Salinisation of land and water
Disruption of habitats

24
Q

What are the responses to sea level rise? (4)

A

Slow down global temperature by restrictions on emissions.
hard/soft engineering
drainage of lakes
artificial raising of land

25
Q

How is Bangladesh at risk of rising sea levels? (4)

A

Densely populated
fishing industry (main) under threat
frequent storm surges and cyclones
sediment off setting natural subsidence

26
Q

Responses to Bangladesh’s risk of rising sea levels? (2)

A

multiple cropping to increase productivity of land

relocation of low lying agricultural region

27
Q

How is Egypt at risk of rising sea levels? (4)

A

low lying area at Nile Delta
densely populated
advancing sea levels and subsidence
only protection sand dunes

28
Q

Responses to Egypt’s risk of rising sea levels? (2)

A

Coastal defences/land reconfirmation

upstream river management - greater sediment transfer

29
Q

What are emergent coastlines?

A

Created when there has been a fall in sea level

30
Q

What are submergent coastlines?

A

Created when there has been a rise in sea level

31
Q

What are raised beaches?

A

beaches formed above a high tide level

32
Q

When are raised beaches visible?

A

When the sea was at a higher level and has subsequently fallen

33
Q

How are raised beaches formed?

A

On emerged coastlines when material is deposited and marine shell beds are found stranded above the current high tide line

34
Q

What does a raised shore platform on raised beaches create?

A

terrace (are of flatland)

35
Q

What is a terrace backed by on raised beaches?

A

relict cliffs

36
Q

What are rias?

A

Drowned river valleys which have been partially submerged during a period of marine transgression.

37
Q

What pattern do rias have?

A

a branching pattern

38
Q

Where are rias found?

A

discordant coastlines, where mountains right angles to coast.

39
Q

What happens to rias when sea levels are lower?

A

base levels lowered giving them energy to cut downwards

40
Q

What a fjords?

A

Drowned glacial valleys

41
Q

What are fjords shaped by?

A

ice and submerged during Holocene

42
Q

When are fjords submerged?

A

When sea levels rise

43
Q

When are deep troughs best formed?

A

high altitudes

44
Q

Characteristics of fjords?

A

steep sides, flat bottoms (typical U shape valley)
straight sided and narrow
may have hanging valleys and waterfalls

45
Q

What may be found in the fjords shore?

A

scree and moraine

46
Q

What is a fjords shallow entrance called?

A

treshold

47
Q

How is a dalmatian coast formed?

A

rivers flow almost parallel to the coast (concordant)

48
Q

How is a dalmatian coast formed?

A

wide open bodies of water (sounds) develop which have islands or ridges of raised land between them eg coast of Croatia

EQ3 Coasts AS Geography (4 decks)

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