Lesson 10

Question 1

Why should we manage energy?

Answer 1

It is expensive and it is a scarce commodity.

Question 2

How much does a household and a building consume in a percentage?

Answer 2

Building: 25% of total energy consumption.
Resdiential households: 45% of energy goes to water heating.

Question 3

What is the difference between capital cost and a life cycle cost?

Answer 3

Most buildings should be designed to have low costs overtime and to be cheap.

Question 4

What us the typical operational cost distribution?

Answer 4

• Energy = 40%
• Maintenance = 28%
• Tax= 15%
• Security and Cleaning = 12%
• Insurance = 5%
• Water = 2%

Question 5

How can energy costs be saved?

Answer 5

• Design building correctly (orientation, use of walls, insulating materials, heat)
• Ensure that there is an efficient and cheap power usage (SANS 204-1, 2, 3 - DEPENDONG ON THE TYPE AND USAGE OF BUILDING)
• Ventilation

Question 6

What are tariffs based on?

Answer 6

• Supply voltage
• Energy consumption
• Maximum demand
• Tme of use
• Connection fees

Question 7

What are other levies that supply authorities may have?

Answer 7

• Connection fees
• Deposits
• Bulk services
• Street lighting
• Basic charges

Question 8

Name the types of metering systems we have.

Answer 8

• Conventional
• Prepaid
  *AMR-meter

Question 9

What are the advantages and disadvantages of metering systems?

Answer 9

Advantages:
* Use is aware of consumption.
* System is more secure
* No meter reading needed

Disadvantages:
* Expensive
* Unreliable

Question 10

How can you derive load factor correction when cutting the peaks and increasing consumption?

Answer 10

• Move the load: Use ripple system to send signals over power control devicces for balancing and controlling the grid.
• Loadshedding

Question 11

How can you structure power consumption when using power factor correction?

Answer 11

• Use switching in and out capacitator banks.
• Use a continuous monitoring control system

Question 12

How can you improve efficiency?

Answer 12

Use energy efficient equipment

Question 13

What are the general energy saving measures?

Answer 13

• Use natural light
• Use solar energy powered systems
• Maintain the building
• Switch off appliances when not in use
• Reduce comfort levels

Question 14

How do you audit energy?

Answer 14

• Register measurements
• Identify saving areas
• Make proposals
• Calculate cost advantage and budget
• Implement

Question 15

What are the specific measures for building related stuff?

Answer 15

• Facade
• Lighting
• Heating and ventilation
• Geysers

Question 16

What are the specific measures for operational related stuff?

Answer 16

• Housekeeping
• Effective operation
• Switching off lights not in use
• Repair leaking taps
• Lower hot temperature