Lesson 1: WEATHERING Flashcards
This process includes degradation or breaking down of rocks into smaller segments known as sediments by the action of the following: water, ice, acids, salts, animals, gravity, and changing temperature.
WEATHERING
is caused by the effects of changing temperature on rocks, causing the rock to break apart. This process is sometimes assisted by water.
PHYSICAL
It occurs when rocks surface is frequently exposed to water, wind and gravity
Abrasion
Occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and exapands
FREEZE-THAW
Is a human made structure that is most vulnerable to weathering due to freezing and thawing cycle in mountainous region
CONCRETE HIGHWAYS
It can happen as cracks develop parallel to the land surface as a consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift erosion
EXFOLIATION
Is caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals(clays) and soluble salts
Chemical
Occurs when rocks are weakened by different biological agents like plants and animals
BIOLOGICAL
Classication of biological weatherinh
A. Biological Weathering by Physical Means
B. biological Weathering by Chemical Compound
The process of growth increase typically by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or Matter
ACCRETION
Process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecule within fluids such as gases an fluids
CONVECTION
The process of transmission of energy from one particle of the medium to another with the particles being in direct contact with each other
CONDUCTION
(also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.
Radioactive decay
Is a geological process that was formed, originated, and located below th surface of the earth.
ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Molten rocks found beneath the surface of the earth
Magma
Rocks undergo partial melting because minerals that compose them melt at different temperature
PARTIAL MELTING ( COMPONENTS OF MAGMA)
Takes place within Earth when a body of rock is held at approximately the same temperature but the pressure is reduced
Decompression melting
Happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock
Flux melting
is magma that moves up into volcano without erupting
Intrusion
is an eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the earth surface
Extrusion
is a molten rock found on the surface of the Earth
LAVA
Are created and formed when energy generated by inductive current flowing from Earth’s core
Volcanoes
The higher the pressure, the higher the melting points
Rocks
Contains interlocking and large crystal of minerals compared to minerals found in igneous rocks
Igneous Rocks
Contains a mixture of minerals, organic matter, and fragments of other rocks or minerals
Sedimentary rocks
Contain a variety of minerals, depending on the original rock that underwent metamorphism and the condition it experienced
Metamorphic rocks
the process where a pre-existing rock transform into another form of rock
Metamorphism
Factorz involved in the process of metamorphism
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Hydrothermal fluids
In which the alternation process is caused by fluids passig through the rock and catalyze chemical reactions
Metamsomatism
a metamorphic transformation of ferromagnesian minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, in mafic and ultramafic rock tro produce serpentinute mineral
Serpentization process
The confining and directing pressure
Regional Metamorphism
Results from heat from nearby magma
Contact Metamorphism
When the heat and shock waves from meteor or asteroid impact transform rocks immediately arround the impact site
Shock Metamorphism
Occurs at lower temperature and pressure which transform sedimentary rock
Burial Metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks formed trough these types of metamorphism contains bits of microscopic diamonds
High pressure metamorphism
