Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth Science > Lesson 1: Volcanoes > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Volcanoes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The word volcano is derived from the word “_____,” a volcanic island in the Aeolian Islands of Italy

A

Vulcano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vulcano is originated from the name “_______” the God of fire in Roman mythology

A

Vulcan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This type of volcano can produce violent, life threatening eruptions

A

Andesitic Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a bowl-shaped depression

A

crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

connected to the magma chamber by the ______

A

vent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

these are usually less than 1km in diameter

A

crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

these are much larger than the crater, they can reach up to 50 km in diameter

A

Calderas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

these are formed when the summit of the side of the volcano collapses onto the magma chamber

A

Calderas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when calderas are formed, the collapsed walls of volcanoes form _____ that can stand several meters above the surface of water

A

cliffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a vent or “chimney” that connects molten rock (magma) from within the earth’s crust to the earth’s surface

A

volcano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how are volcanoes formed?

A

When plates collide and one of them goes under the other, Plate collisions cause rocks to melt due to mantle heat, forming magma. High pressure and high temperature cause magma to break into the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

magma release into the surface is now called ____

A

lava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

it is the most striking part of the volcano, usually composed of lava and pyroclastic

A

cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

viscous and slow-moving grantic magma forms ________

A

high-sided steep cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fast-moving basaltic magma creates ________

A

low to almost flat cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the opening through which an eruption takes place

A

vent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this main part of a volcano supplies the magma from the underlying source to the top of the volcano.

A

vent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

they can be straight or curvatured

A

vent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the earth’s crust

A

magma chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a basin-like depression over a vent at the summit of the cone

A

crater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the rock or magma expelled from a volcano

A

lava

22
Q

lava temperature upon ejection can reach up to ______°C hence it flows until it cools and hardens

A

700°C

23
Q

the barrier or obstacles in a volcano

A

dikes

24
Q

otherwise known as intrusive sheets; they solidify lava flows that originally forced their way between and parallel to older later of rocks

A

sills

25
Q

a channel or pipe conveying liquid materials such as magma

A

conduit

26
Q

the side of a volcani

A

flank

27
Q

the highest point or apex of a volcano

A

summit

28
Q

the entrance of a volcano

A

throat

29
Q

expelled in the atmosphere; composed of pulverized rock and glass created during eruption

A

ash cloud

30
Q

the chuck of lava blasted into the air which solidify before reaching the ground

A

volcanic bombs

31
Q

fast-moving currents of hot gases and rock travelling downhill from a volcano

A

pyroclastic flow

32
Q

refers to fragmented material that consists of pumice, scoria, lithic materials, or crystal or combination of the four

A

tephra fall

33
Q

also called mudflows; they are flowing mixtures of volcanic debris and water

A

lahar

34
Q

they are classified as primary hot when associated with volcanic eruption, or as cold ____ when they are caused by heavy rainfall

A

lahar

35
Q

what are the diff. pyroclastic materials

A

• volcanic ashes
• lapillus
• volcanic blocks
• volcanic bombs
• lahar

36
Q

very fine, grained fragment of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass

A

volcanic ashes

37
Q

made up of molten or semi molten lava, which falls on earth while still partially molten

A

lapillus

38
Q

ejected from explosive volcanic eruptions and may consist of broken pieces of the volcano’s edifice

A

volcanic blocks

39
Q

how and why do volcanoes erupt?

A

Hot, molten rock (magma) is buoyant (has a lower density than the surrounding rocks) and will rise up through the crust to erupt on the surface.

Same principle as hot air rising, e.g. how a hot air balloon works

40
Q

what are the three products from an explosive eruption

A

• ash fall
• pyroclastic flow
• pyroclastic surge

41
Q

Erupt 10’s-1000’s km³ of magma
Send ash clouds >25 km into the stratosphere
Have severe environmental and climatic effects Hazardous!!!

A

explosive eruptions

42
Q

what are the three types of volcanoes according to their activity

A

active
inactive
extinct

43
Q

those that have erupted over the last 10,000 years and still continue to erupt

A

active volcanoes

44
Q

those that do not erupt as of today but have a potential to do so

A

inactive volcanoes

45
Q

those that have not shown signs of activity for a long period of time. it has no record of volcanic eruptions in the past thousand years

A

extinct volcanoes

46
Q

what are the diff. typed of volcanic eruption

A

• explosive or violent eruptions
• quiet or non- explosive eruption

47
Q

lava ejected is torn into shreds, forming pieces of pyroclastic materials called tephra.

A

explosive or violent eruptions

48
Q

can eject a large amount of materials into the air.

A

explosive or violent eruptions

49
Q

basaltic magma has relatively low silica content. It is less viscous and gases can escape readily from it

A

quiet or non- explosive eruption

50
Q

has wide base with gentle sloping sides. the cone is made up purely of lava that has poured out and solidified during a mild or quiet eruption.

A

shield volcano

51
Q

is built almost entirely of loose fragments called cinders (pyroclast and tephra. formed by explosive eruptions eject lava and rocks into the air.

A

cinder cone volcano

52
Q

composed of alternating layers of the lava and cinders (pyroclast). they are formed when volcanic eruptions vary between quiet and violent or explosive.

A

composite volcano / stratovolcano

Earth Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions