Lesson 1 Volcano

Question 1

What is a volcano

Answer 1

Refers to a mountain or a hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent, which lava, rock fragments and hot vapor or have erupted from the Earth’s crust.

Question 2

Summit

Answer 2

is the highest point or the apex of the volcano. At the summit, you have an opening called a vent.

Question 3

Slopes

Answer 3

are the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent.

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

is lower outer part of the volcano.

Question 5

Magma Chamber

Answer 5

is a region beneath the vent of a volcano where molten rock or magma is deposited or stored before eruption.

Question 6

Main Vent

Answer 6

is the main opening or outlet on the surface of a volcano that emits lava, gases, ash or other volcanic materials.

Question 7

Conduit

Answer 7

is an underground central tube-like or pipe-like structure of a volcano that connects the magma chamber to the crater through which the magma travels.

Question 8

Side Vent

Answer 8

is a smaller outlet through which magma escapes.

Question 9

Crater

Answer 9

is the mouth of the volcano which is a funnel-shaped or bowlshaped hollow at the top of the vent from where magma, ash and gas comes out.

Question 10

Lava

Answer 10

is a molten rock which is given off onto the surface of the Earth when a volcano erupts.

Question 11

Ash and Gas Cloud

Answer 11

is a mixture of rock, minerals, glass particles and gases expelled or pushed out of the volcano during volcanic eruption.

Question 12

Cinder cone volcanoes

Answer 12

are the simplest type of volcano. They are built from particles and blobs of solidified lava ejected from a single vent. Lava is thrown into the air, which breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone.

Question 13

An example of a cinder cone is

Answer 13

Philippines are Taal Volcano in Batangas, smith volcano found in Babuyan Group of islands, Mount Mayabobo found in Quezon Province, and Mount Musuan in Bukidnon. An example of this outside of the Philippines is the Paricutin volcano in Mexico.

Question 14

Composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes

Answer 14

are large, typically steepsided, symmetrical cones of large dimension formed from alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and pyroclastic materials. One important feature of a composite volcano is the conduit system from which magma rises to the surface of the Earth. They are formed from viscous, or sticky, lava that does not flow easily. The lava builds up around the vent Composite Volcano forming a volcano with steep sides.

Question 15

Example of stratovolcano

Answer 15

Mount Mayon in Albay, Mount Arayat in Pampanga, Mount Kanlaon in Negros Island, and Mount Apo in Davao Region. An example of these outside the Philippines are Mount Rainier in Washington, USA, and Mount Fuji in Japan.

Question 16

Shield volcanoes

Answer 16

Shield volcanoes are large, broad volcanoes that look similar to shields from above – hence the name. These volcanoes are built almost entirely of fluid lava flow thus these volcanoes Shield Volcano are not steep. They can be easily identified because they are tall and broad, with flat, rounded shapes. The lava is not accompanied by pyroclastic materials, which makes shield volcanoes relatively safe. Eruptions at shield volcanoes are only explosive if water somehow gets to the vent

Question 17

An example of shield volcano

Answer 17

Mauna Loa in hawaii

Question 18

Phreatic or Hydrothermal

Answer 18

is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic materials called base surges are observed.

Question 19

Strombolian

Answer 19

periodic, weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica.

Question 20

Vulcanian

Answer 20

is characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.

Question 21

Plinian

Answer 21

excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials, like in Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales.