Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AA4 Virology > Lesson 1 VMCB413 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 VMCB413 Flashcards

1
Q

a tissue fragment used to isolate viruses from animals with persistent infection

A

explant cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

derived directly from tissues and contain many cell types such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, melanocytes

A

primary cell cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

retain their characteristic diploid chromosomal constitution and can support the growth of a wide range of viruses

A

semi continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immortal cell lines derived from either normal or neoplastic tissue and can be passaged indefinitely

A

continuous cell cell culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

induce cell lysis and cellular transformation in cell culture

A

burster lytic virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

these induce formation of multinucleated giant cells

A

creeper virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

though no longer extensively used, this remains the preferred method for isolation of influenza A viruses and for many avian viruses

A

inoculation on embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

new area of antiviral research wherein those RNA viruses with inherently high mutation rates are administered with mutagenic agents to drive viral extinction through violation of the error threshold and error catastrophe

A

lethal mutagenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is the extinction of an organism as a result of excessive mutations

A

error catastrophe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a virus mutant which can replicate only under defined permissive conditions

A

conditional lethal mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rendering a virus towards low viral load and low viral fitness by subjecting it to a combination of mutagenic agents and antiviral compounds

A

viral suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

variant strains showing differences in the tissue type and species of target cells affected by viruses

A

host range mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

viruses that replicate in the presence of antibody

A

antibody escape mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a virus with decreased infectious titer despite a high number of viral particles

A

defective interfering mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

variant strains that cause less serious infections in humans and animals

A

attenuated mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

exchange or transfer of genetic material between different but closely related viruses infecting the same cell simultaneously, or between virus and host cell

A

recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

recombination between positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses and occurs through a template switching mechanism

A

copy choice or template switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

infectious progeny are produced from parental viruses, of which one or both are non-infectious, following mixed infection of a cell

A

reactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when infectious progeny are produced from related viruses inactivated by lethal mutations at different loci in their genomes

A

multiplicity reactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

occurs when an inactivated virus becomes capable of replicating after acquiring genetic material from an infective virus

A

cross reactivatio or genome rescue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

an infectious extracellular virus particle consists of nucleic acid DNA or RNA that is covered by a protein coat

A

virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ashell of subunits of proteins called capsomere that encloses the genome of vertebrate viruses

A

capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

combined nucleic acid and capsid which can either be naked or covered with a membrane termed an envelope

A

nucleocapsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This mutant promote the establishment and maintain persistent infections

A

defective interfering mutant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

proteins that make up the subunit of capsid

A

structural proteins

26
Q

a lipid bilayer and associated glycoproteins that cover a nucleocapsid

A

envelope

27
Q

proteins encoded by viral nucleic acid for binding to receptors on host cells, membrane fusion, uncoating of the virion and destruction of receptors on host cells

A

glycoproteins

28
Q

knob-like projections from the envelope formed from the oligomers of glycoproteins

A

peplomers or spikes

29
Q

a layer of protein present between the nucleocapsid and the envelope in some enveloped viruses that provides additional rigidity to the virion

A

matrix protein

30
Q

infectious particles, which can transmit a disease, composed mainly of a protein without any detectable nucleic acid

A

prions

31
Q

mad cow disease in humans

A

variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

32
Q

initial stage of virus replication whereby the infecting virus loses its physical identity and most or all of its infectivity

A

eclipse phase

33
Q

e replicative cycle of a virus may range from

A

6 to 40 hrs

34
Q

naked viruses or non enveloped viruses undergo a receptor based endocytosis also known as

A

viropexis

35
Q

method in which the viral envelope fuses with the plasma
membrane and releases the capsid into the cell cytoplasm

A

fusion

36
Q

process of separation of viral nucleic acid from its protein core for transcription to take place

A

uncoating

37
Q

central event in replication of viruses

A

biosynthesis or replication of nucleic acid

38
Q

what enzyme do RNA viruses generate to transcribe and replicate mRNA

A

polymerase

39
Q

Where does uncoating take place inside the cell

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

40
Q

DNA replication takes place in the host cell nucleus, however synthesis of capsid and other proteins occur in?

A

cytoplasm

41
Q

a virus which all components are synthesized in the cytoplasm

A

poxvirus

42
Q

first step in viral maturation

A

assembly of protein capsid

43
Q

envelope develops around the capsid by a process called

A

budding

44
Q

Due to defect during assembly of viral components, some of the daughter virions that are produced may not be infective

A

incomplete virus

45
Q

viruses that occasionally enclose host cell nucleic acid instead of viral nucleic acid, therefore, are non infective and lack the capability to replicate

A

pseudovirus

46
Q

leads to loss of virus infectivity

A

uncoating

47
Q

virus components may be synthesized but the maturation is defective maybe due to infection of the wrong host cells by the virus

A

abortive infection

48
Q

viruses that produce fully mature virions only in the presence of helper viruses which supplement the genetic deficiency in the defective viruses

A

defective viruses

49
Q

how does nucleoside analogues act against virus

A

inhibit replication of viral genome

50
Q

how does interferons inhibit virus

A

inhibit assembly of virion components

51
Q

has antiviral activity against influenza A virus by preventing uncoating shortly after endocytosis of virus by the host cell

A

amantadine

52
Q

How does neuraminadase interfere with viral infectivity?

A

interfere with release of virus from host cells

53
Q

Ribavirin is a drug against which virus

A

Influenza virus

54
Q

a nucleoside analogue active against betaherpesviruses

A

Ganciclovir

55
Q

nucleoside analogue used against herpesvirus

A

penciclovir, famciclovir, acyclovir

56
Q

How does non nucleoside polymerase inhibitors inhibit replication of viruses?

A

by binding to the pyrophosphate binding site of the DNA polymerase to block binding of nucleotides

57
Q

A thymidine analogue for treating herpesvirus keratitis in animals

A

Idoxudirine

58
Q

which type of microscope can be used for direct examination of nasopharyngeal aspirate for an animal with respiratory disease

A

EM, IF

59
Q

which microscope is used for direct examination of ulcer scrapings and vesicular fluids in animals with skin disease

A

EM, ID

60
Q

conjunctival scrapings and smears can be directly examined by using what type of microscope

A

Light microscope and Immunoflourescence

AA4 Virology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions