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SS031 > Lesson 1: The Philosophical View of the Self > Flashcards

Lesson 1: The Philosophical View of the Self Flashcards

1
Q

An unexamined life is not worth living

A

Socrates

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2
Q

He directed philosophy’s attention from the universe to an examination of our existence in the universe

A

Socrates

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3
Q

There is soul first before man’s body. Man first exists in the realm of ideas and exists as a soul or pure mind

A

Socrates

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4
Q

When man came to the material world, he forgot the ideas that he knew, hence he became ignorant. Ignorance causes a problem to man.

A

Socrates

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5
Q

Dialectic method/Socratic method

A

Socrates

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6
Q
  1. Wonder
  2. Reflect
  3. Refine and Cross-examine
  4. Restate
  5. Repeat
A

5 Stages of Socratic Dialogue

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7
Q

“If we are ever to have pure knowledge of anything, we must get rid of the body and contemplate things by themselves with the soul by itself.”

A

Plato

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8
Q

An important part of his philosophy is the dichotomy of the Ideal world or the world of Forms and the Material world

A

Plato

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9
Q

The soul is the true permanent unchanging self — found in the world of Ideas

A

Plato

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10
Q

“But my sin was this, that I looked for pleasure, beauty, and truth not in Him but in myself and His other creatures, and the search led me instead to pain, confusion, and error.”

A

St. Augustine

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11
Q

Influenced by Plato — the permanent world is where God is and the material world is our world now

A

St. Augustine

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12
Q

The pursuit of happiness can be achieved in God alone

A

St. Augustine

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13
Q

Moral law is also existing in man’s mind. Man’s rationality helps him distinguish between what is right and wrong

A

St. Augustine

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14
Q

“I think, therefore I am.” (Cognito ergo sum)

A

René Descartes

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15
Q

The mind and body are separate but at the same time conjoined with one another so they causally act upon each other (I cannot act without my body).

A

René Descartes

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16
Q

The self is the Mind more than the Body

A

René Descartes

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17
Q

The body is structured but the mind cannot be boxed — hence, the study of the self requires a science of its own because the mind pursues its own thoughts

A

René Descartes

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18
Q

“What worries you, masters you.”

A

John Locke

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19
Q

He is known as the “Father of Classical Liberalism” because of his contribution to the formation of human rights

A

John Locke

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20
Q

The self is not locked in mind, body, and soul only. Memory is part of the definition of the self

A

John Locke

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21
Q

We are the same person as we were in the past for as long as we can remember something from that past

A

John Locke

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22
Q

“Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them.”

A

David Hume

23
Q

He was a lawyer but is known more for writing “History of England”.

A

David Hume

24
Q

Just like Locke, he is an empiricist and regarded the senses as our key source of knowledge.

A

David Hume

25
Q

The mind is divided into two: Impressions (things perceived by the senses) and Ideas (things created in the mind; can be a combination of impressions)

A

David Hume

26
Q

The self is merely the perception we have at the moment is is being perceived; There is no self

A

David Hume

27
Q

“All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.”

A

Immanuel Kant

28
Q

He was spurred into philosophical activism when he encountered Hume’s skepticism and took it upon himself to refute it

A

Immanuel Kant

29
Q

To him, there is nothing higher than reason

A

Immanuel Kant

30
Q

Man has inherent dignity and should be treated with respect as an end and not as a means

A

Immanuel Kant

31
Q

“The ego is not master in its own house.”

A

Sigmund Freud

32
Q

He devised the tripartite division of man - id, ego, superego

A

Sigmund Freud

33
Q

The ____ represents biological structure, ______ represents the sociocultural environment. Whoever wins the battle between them is manifested in the ____.

A

id … superego … ego

34
Q

The ______ represents the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates

A

Superego

35
Q

“Minds are things, but different sorts of things from bodies.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

36
Q

For him, the talk of the mind is only a talk of behavior. The mind is not distinct from the body but is part of certain aspects of our bodies

A

Gilbert Ryle

37
Q

Criticized Descartes and said Descartes made a category mistake

A

Gilbert Ryle

38
Q

“We do have an organ for understanding and recognizing moral facts. It is called the brain.”

A

Paul Churchland

39
Q

Known for his Eliminative Materialism — the idea which states that the mind is unreal, and the brain is real

A

Paul Churchland

40
Q

The self is the brain. The brain is the essence of the self

A

Paul Churchland

41
Q

“We know not through our intellect but through our experience.”

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

42
Q

The definition of the self is all about one’s perception of one’s experience and the interpretation of those experiences

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

43
Q

The self is grounded on the experiences from the past, the possibilities for the future, and the present cognition

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

44
Q

_____ answered by saying man is essentially a soul, and this was seconded by Plato

A

Socrates

45
Q

_____ extending Plato’s idea said that man is an image in the likeness of God and he is essentially a soul whose goal is to be with God

A

St. Augustine

46
Q

He emphasized the non-physical form of man and said that in essence, man is mind - thinking being separate from his body.

A

René Descartes

47
Q

Claimed that the Self is a consciousness and that for as long as we have memories about who we are and our identity, then that tells us we are the same person, the same self that we are conscious of now

A

John Locke

48
Q

Declared that there is no permanent Self, because the Self is only a bundle of senses that keeps on changing

A

David Hume

49
Q

Said that it is possible for us to construct our Self. Since we are a thinking being, we can ogranize our experiences so that we can build an idea of who we are, hence the Self is very much present

A

Immanuel Kant

50
Q

Asserts that the self is made up of two things, the conscious and the unconscious and that man has many layers

A

Sigmund Freud

51
Q

How one behaves is a big factor in showing who the man is

A

Gilbert Ryle

52
Q

Declared that the brain is the essence of the Self

A

Paul Churchland

53
Q

Rejected entirely the idea of mind and body dichotomy because, for him, man is all about how he sees himself (an embodied subjectivity)

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

SS031 (3 decks)

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