Lesson 1: Surveying Fieldwork Flashcards
Nota Bene
– Always bring scientific calculator
– Buy and always bring Engineer’s Field Book
– Buy and bring safety vest during Fieldwork
Engineer’s Field Book
(HCGT)
– Hardbound Cover
– Cover Page
– General Tables and Useful Data
– Tabular Grid Pages
Field Notes
(RIQO)
– Constitute the only reliable and permanent record of actual work done in the field
– If notes are incorrect or incompletely done – time, money and effort in data gathering are wasted
– The quality of field work is reflected directly in the manner he keeps his field record
– Field notes become the official record of the survey
Types of Field Notes
(STECC)
- Sketches
- Tabulations
- Explanatory notes
- Computations
- Combination
1. Sketches
– Rarely made to exact scale, but mostly made approximately to scale
– Drawn free hand and of liberal size
– Features shown by conventional symbols
– Sketch crowded with unnecessary data is often confusing
2. Tabulation
- Series of numerical values observed in the field are best shown in a tabulated format
- The format prevents mistakes, allows easy checking, saves time, make the calculations legible to others and simplify the work of the person checking the field notes
3. Explanatory notes
- Provide written description of what has been done in the field
- Employed to explain numerical data and sketches
- Placed on the right hand page of the field notebook in the same line with the numerical data that they explain
- Computations
- Form a large part of the work of surveying
- Mostly algebraic by the use of simple steps and
trigonometric functions - Graphical solutions using accurately scaled drawings are used
- Portrayal of calculations should be clear and orderly
arrangement in order that these will easily be understood by persons other than the one who made the calculations
5. Combinations
- Practice used in most extensive surveys
- Surveyor should be able to determine for himself which type of combination would be most logical to use in portraying the type of data gathered in the field
Information Found in Field Notebooks (TTWNL)
- Title of the Field Work or Name of the Project
- Time of Day and Date
- Weather Conditions
- Names of Group Members and Their Designations
- List of Equipment
1. Title of the Field Work or Name of the Project
- The official name of the project or title of the fieldwork should always be identified
- Location of the survey, nature or purpose should be stated
2. Time of Day and Date
- Entries are necessary to document the notes and furnish a time table as well as to correlate different surveys
- Time table, precision, problems encountered and other factors affecting the survey are referenced from
3. Weather Conditions
- Weather conditions such as rain have a decided effect upon accuracy in surveying operations
4. Names of Group members and their designations
- Chief of party, instrument man, and other members of the survey party, and their obligations must be identified
- Necessary for documentation purposes and other future reference
5. List of Equipment
- All survey equipment used must be listed including its maker brand and serial number
- Type of instrument used, its adjustment all have definite effect on the accuracy of a survey
- Proper identification of a particular equipment used aids in isolating errors in some cases
Recording Observed Data
To eliminate common mistakes in note keeping, the following guide points are given:
1. Follow a consistent simple style of writing
2. Use of sharp pencil
3. Record directly in the field book immediately following a measurement, rather than on a sheet of scratch paper for copying
4. Do not erase recorded data. If a number has been recorded incorrectly, a line is run through it without destroying its legibility and the correct value is written above the mistake. If entire page is to be deleted, diagonal lines are drawn from opposite corners and “VOID” is lettered prominently
5. Avoid crowding observed data in the field notebook
6. Always bring along a straight edge for ruling lines, and a small protractor for laying off angles in the field book
7. To avoid misinterpretation of data, use sketches other than tabulations. Also use explanatory notes
8. Indicate north at the top of the page of the field notebook for all sketches shown in plan and draw a meridian arrow
9. Tabulated values should be kept inside the column rulings, with the decimal point and digits aligned vertically. Notes should not be made to appear either more precise or less precise than they really are
10. Computations made in the field should be recorded in the field notebook in order that they can be checked later. The checks are necessary to determine if there is a need to repeat a particular observation or measurement
11. Number every page of the field notebook. There should be no doubt with regard to the correct sequence of recorded field data
Survey Party
- Chief of Party
- Assistant Chief of Party
- Instrument man
- Technician
- Data processor
- Recorder
- Head Tapeman
- Rear Tapeman
- Flagman
- Rodman
- Pacer
- Axeman/ Lineman
- Aidman
- Utilitymen
1. Chief of Party
- Person responsible for the overall direction, supervision and operational control of the survey party
- Responsible for its logistical and technical requirements and problems of a field survey operation
- Prior to the execution of a survey project, he consults with superiors regarding the project to be undertaken
- Responsible for submitting survey reports and records and sees to it that these are complete, accurate and adheres to prescribed technical standards and specifications
- Prepares cost estimates of survey projects and receives and disburses the cash expenses of the survey party
- Act as an expert witness in court on matters relating to technical description of land and other surveying matters
2. Assistant Chief of Party
- Assist the chief of party in the accomplishment of the task assigned to the survey party
- Takes over the duties of the chief of party during the
absence of the chief - Responsible for the employment of surveying equipment, instruments and accessories used in the survey operation
- Prepares field and office reports and survey plans for submission to the chief of party
- Conducts ground reconnaissance and investigates sites of a proposed project to gather necessary data prior to the start of a survey work
3. Instrument man
- Duty is to set up, level and operate surveying instruments such as the transit, level, theodolite, etc.
- Sees to it that instruments to be used in a survey operation are in good working condition and in proper adjustment
- Assists the technician in the operation of electronic
surveying equipment - Works in coordination and as part of an instrument party and exercises limited supervision over personnel doing manual tasks
4. Technician
- Responsible for the use and operation of all electronic instruments required in a field work operation
- Duty is to make sure equipment are functioning properly, regularly calibrated and are in adjustment
- Responsible for the establishment of a two-way
communication link by radio between the survey party and the home office and between members of the survey party where distant stations or long survey lines are involved
5. Data processor
- Duty is to perform computations of survey data and works out necessary computational checks required in a field work operation
- Responsible for the utilization of electronic calculators, computers, and assists in the operation of computerized surveying systems or equipment
6. Recorder
- Duty is to keep a record of all sketches, drawings,
measurements and observations taken or needed for a field work operation - Keeps table of schedules of all phases of work and the employment of the members of the survey party
7. Head Tapeman
- Responsible for the accuracy and speed of all linear
measurements with tape - Determines and directs the marking of stations to be occupied by the surveying instrument and directs the clearing out of obstructions along the line of sight
- Inspects and compares tapes of standard length prior to their use in taping operation and is responsible for eliminating or reducing possible errors and mistakes in taping
8. Rear Tapeman
- Duty is to assist the head tapeman during taping operation and in other related work
9. Flagman
- Duty is to hold the flagpole or range pole at selected points as directed by the instrument man
- Helps the tapeman in making measurements and assists the axeman in clearing other obstructions to line of sight
- Responsible for setting up reflectors, targets, prisms
10. Rodman
- Duty is to hold the stadia or leveling rod when sighted
11. Pacer
- Duty is to check all linear measurements made by the tapemen
- Assists the tapemen in checking for mistakes and blunders in linear measurements and in reducing and eliminating them
- Perform the job of a rodman
12. Axeman/Lineman
- Duty is to clear the line sight of trees and obstructions
- Responsible for the security and safety of the members of the survey party at the survey site
- Provided with an ax and a rifle or a side arm as well
13. Aidman
- Duty is to render first aid treatment to members of the party
14. Utilitymen
- Duties are to render other forms of assistance needed by the survey party or as directed by the chief of party
- Designated as driver if a survey vehicle is used
- Setting up camp site and required facilities
- Prepare and serve meals and look after the security of the camp site
- Transportation of surveying equipment, accessories and supplies
- Laying out of concrete monuments, markers and signals
Reminders for Survey Party
- When organizing a survey party, be FLEXIBLE
- Duties and responsibilities of members should always be FIXED
Make modifications to suit: - Work requirements and conditions
- Problems in field operations
- Availability of instruments
Survey Hand Signals
- An arm and hand signal is any gesture or motion that conveys information or gives a command, direction or warning
- Usually employed due to the difficulty to communicate verbally in the field due to distance, wind conditions and surrounding noise
Care and Handling of Instruments
- Know how to use the instrument
- Always place them in stable grounds when in use
- Place them properly in their container
- Do not use them if weather does not permit
- Check their functionality before and after field work
- If wet, dry them by carefully wiping excess water and do not put them immediately in their storage/ container
- Carry the instrument properly
- Be mindful of the surrounding when transporting any equipment
- Avoid playing with the instrument
- Always make sure that the equipment is secure
