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Science DLP Form 3 > Lesson 1 - Stimuli And Responses > Flashcards

Lesson 1 - Stimuli And Responses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

State 4 functions of the human nervous system

A

1) detects stimuli
2) sends information in the form of impulses
3) interpretes impulses
4) produces appropriate responses

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2
Q

State 4 functions of the human nervous system

A

1) detects stimuli
2) sends information in the form of impulses
3) interpretes impulses
4) produces appropriate responses

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3
Q

State 3 parts of the human brain

A

1) Cerebrum
2) Cerebellum
3) Medulla oblongata (brain stem)

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4
Q

Stimulus–>affector–>cerebrum–>effector–>response
Which actions does the pathway of impulses above occur in?

A

Voluntary actions

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5
Q

Stimulus–>affector–>Medulla oblongata–>effector–>response
Which actions does the pathway above occur in?

A

Involuntary actions

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6
Q

State 3 examples of voluntary actions

A

1) Writing
2) cooking
3) eating
Or any appropriate answer

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7
Q

State 3 examples of involuntary actions

A

1) heartbeat
2) breathing
3) Peristalsis
4) secretion of saliva

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8
Q

Alina withdraws her hands when she accidentally touches a hot pot.
Identify the actions.

A

Reflex actions

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9
Q

State 2 main parts of the human nervous system

A

1) Central Nervous System
2) Peripheral Nervous System

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10
Q

What happens if a person has brain injury ?

A

1) brain injury may cause the person loss of control over both voluntary and involuntary actions.
2) brain injury can cause disruption of normal pathways of processing stimuli and executing responses , both voluntary and involuntary.
3) brain injury can cause a person to become temporarily , partially or completely paralysed.

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11
Q

State five sensory organs.

A

1) eyes
2) ear
3) nose
4) tongue
5) skin

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12
Q

Transparent and elastic convex lens which focuses light onto the retina.
Which part of the human eye is responsible for this function ?

A

Eye lens

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13
Q

Part of retina which is not sensitive to light as there are no photoreceptor and an exit point for all optic nerve fibres.
Which part of the human eye is responsible the function above ?

A

Blind spot

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14
Q

Strong layer that maintains the shape of the eye and protects it
Which part of the human eye is responsible for the function above ?

A

Sclera

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15
Q

Layer containing photoreceptors which detects light and produces nerve impulses
Which part of the human eye is responsible for the function above ?

A

Retina

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16
Q

State the function of pupil in human eye

A

Opening in the centre of the iris which controls the quantity of light entering the eye

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17
Q

State the function of suspensory ligaments

A

Strong fibres which hold the eye lens in its position

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18
Q

State 2 types of photoreceptor in retina

A

1) rod cells (sensitive to different light intensities)
2) cone cells (sensitive to the colour of light under bright conditions)

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19
Q

State 3 parts of ear

A

1) outer ear
2) middle ear
3) inner ear

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20
Q

What is the function of Cochlea in the structure of ear ?

A

Detects and converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses

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21
Q

What is the function of Eustachian tube ?

A

Balances the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

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22
Q

Which part of the ear can be injured by high volume of sound ?

A

Cochlea
tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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23
Q

__________ are located at the roof of the nasal cavity

A

Sensory cells for smell

24
Q

Sarina suddenly sneezes and notices a clear liquid coming from her nose. State the name and role of the liquid.

A

The liquid is mucus.
The function of mucus is helps to trap irritants and keeping the airways moist and protecting the respiratory system.

25
Q

State 5 types of basic tastes of tongue

A

1) sweet
2) sour
3) bitter
4) salty
5) umami

26
Q

There are tiny nodules known as _____________ on the surface of the tongue

A

papilae

27
Q

State 5 types of receptors found in the skin

A

1) touch receptor
2) heat receptor
3) pain receptor
4) cold receptor
5) Pressure receptor

28
Q

The human skin is made up of a thin outer layer known as ________

A

Epidermis

29
Q

What is the sensory largest organ in the human body

A

Skin

30
Q

State the pathway of mechanism of hearing .

A

Source of sound –> earlobe –> ear canal –> eardrum –> ossicle bones –> oval window –> Cochlea–> auditory nerve –> brain –> sound is interpreted

31
Q

State 5 devices to overcome limitations of sight

A

1) binoculars
2) light microscope
3) x-Ray machine
4) ultrasound machine
5) scanning electronic microscope

32
Q

State 1 function for telescope

A

To observe objects distant objects by collecting and magnifying light.

33
Q

State 2 changes in part of human eye when focusing on distant objects ?

A

1) ciliary muscles relax
2) lens becomes thinner

34
Q

State 2 changes in parts of human eye when focusing on near objects

A

1) ciliary muscles contract
2) lens becomes thicker

35
Q

State 4 common vision defects

A

1) short-sightedness
2) long-sightedness
3) astigmatism
4) colour blindness

36
Q

Distinguish between short-sightedness and long-sightedness

A

Condition of eyes
1)short-sightedness
- unable to see/focus on distant objects
2)long-sightedness
- unable to see/focus on near objects
Causes
1)short-sightedness
- the eye lens is too thick
2)long-sightedness
- the eye lens is too thin
Focus
1)short-sightedness
- light from distant objects is focused in front of the retina
2)long-sightedness
- light from near objects is focused behind the retina

37
Q

How short-sightedness can be corrected ?

A

By using concave lens

38
Q

How astigmatism can be corrected?

A

By using cylindrical lenses

39
Q

What is the range of human limitations of hearing ?

A

20 Hz - 20 000 Hz

40
Q

What is the function of stethoscope ?

A

To amplify internal sounds in the body to detect abnormalities such as heartbeat .
To helps us to listen to the heartbeat.

41
Q

Can colour blindness be corrected ? Explain why .

A

No.
This is because colour blindness is hereditary.

42
Q

State three types of stimuli in plants

A

1) light
2) gravity
3) water

Info some plants also respond to stimuli like touch , temperature and chemical substances.

43
Q

State two types of responses to stimuli

A

1) tropism
2) nastic movement

44
Q

What is the definition of tropism ?

A

A directional response of plants to stimuli coming from a certain direction

45
Q

When plants grow towards a stimulus , it is called __________

A

Positive tropism

46
Q

State 4 examples of tropism

A

1) phototropism
2) geotropism
3) hydrotropism
4) thigmotropism

47
Q

What is the definition of geotropism? Explain which parts of positive geotropism in response to light.

A

The roots of plants show positive geotropism because they grow towards the direction of the gravity.

48
Q

Give one example of thigmotropism plant

A

1) cucumber plant

49
Q

What is the definition of nastic movement?

A

Nastic movement is the response towards a stimulus such as touch but does not depend on the direction of stimulus.

50
Q

State two examples of nastic movement plant

A

1) Mimosa plant
2) Venus flytrap (carnivorous plant)

51
Q

State 2 visions of responses in animal

A

1) stereoscopic visions
2) monocular visions

52
Q

State 3 differences between stereoscopic and monocular visions

A

1) stereoscopic vision
- both eyes located in front of the head
- a narrow field of vision
- humans and most predators have stereoscopic vision
2) monocular vision
- both eyes located at the sides of the head
- a wide field of vision
- most prey have monocular vision

53
Q

What is stereophonic hearing ?

A

The ability to hear with both ears.

54
Q

State the importance of stereophonic hearing

A

To determine the direction of the source of sound accurately.
To determine the location of a source of a sound

55
Q

State a frequency of hearing range for dolphin.

A

40 Hz - 100 000 Hz

56
Q

Uses the whiskers to detect prey , predators and surrounding conditions. What animal fits the response given ?

A

1) cat
2) dog
3) seal

57
Q

The Jacobson organ is located at the upper part of the oral cavity. Contains ducts that are connected to the mouth and nose. Used to detect pheromones produced by other animals. What animal fits the response given ?

A

1) snakes
2) lizards
3) cat

Science DLP Form 3 (2 decks)

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