Lesson 1: Skin A+P & Dermatologic Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Characteristics of healthy skin
A
1) Dry
2) Supple (use of emollients and humectants)
3) Acidic (pH 4 - 6.8)
2
Q
Epidermis (constituents + sub layers)
A
1) Stratum corneum
2) Stratum lucidum
3) Stratum granulosum
4) Stratum spinosum
5) Stratum basale
3
Q
Stratum corneum
A
- outermost layer
- dead/sloughing keratinocytes
4
Q
Stratum Lucidum
A
- on palms + soles only
5
Q
Stratum Granulosum
A
- site of keratinocyte production
- ceramides maintain moisture
6
Q
Stratum Spinosum
A
- desmosomes for structural integrity
- reduction of frictional trauma
7
Q
Stratum Basale
A
Reproductive base layer
8
Q
Key cells of epidermis
A
- keratinocytes (skin cell)
- melanocytes (pigmentation + UV protection)
- nerve cells + receptors (temp, pressure, pain, irritants)
- langerhans cells (immune cells)
- rete ridges (structural integrity)
9
Q
Dermal Layer
A
Papillary dermis + reticular dermis
10
Q
Key cells of dermis
A
- fibroblasts (synthesize collagen + elastin)
- macrophages (WBC for phagocytosis)
- mast cells (histamine production)
- nerve cells (temp, pressure, pain, irritants)
- epidermal appendages (follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)
11
Q
Subcutaneous Layer
A
- adipose tissue
- connective tissue
- blood vessels
- lymphatic vessels
- nerve cells
12
Q
Muscle Layer
A
- direct contact with bone
- no regeneration capabilities
13
Q
Macule/Patch
A
- flat area that is clearly defined by change in skin color
- macule = < 0.5 cm
- patch = >0.5 cm
- ie. freckle or birth mark
14
Q
Papule/Plaque
A
- elevated and superficial lesion
- papule = <0.5 cm
- plaque = >0.5 cm
15
Q
Vesicle/Bulla
A
- superficial, fluid-filled blister
- vesicle = <0.5 cm
- bulla = >0.5 cm
16
Q
Pustule/Abscess
A
- superficial, elevated lesion filled with purulent fluid
- if localized = pustule
- if soft tissue collection = abscess
17
Q
Denudation
A
- superficial skin loss
- patchy or extensive
18
Q
Erythema
A
- generalized redness
- usually with patchy denudation
19
Q
Scale/Crust
A
- loose fragments of stratum corneum
- crust = dried exudate on surface
20
Q
Erosion/Uncler
A
Erosion = superficial skin loss
Ulcer = lesion extending into dermis with well-defined edges
21
Q
Fissure
A
- linear crack extending into/past dermis
- moisture and friction issues, not pressure
22
Q
Hyperpigmentation
A
- darkened areas of skin d/t
1) increased melanocyte production or
2) hemosiderin staining
23
Q
Granulation tissue
A
- proliferative tissues made of newly synthesized connective tissue proteins
- “raw beef” appearance
24
Q
Eschar
A
- avascular tissue
- grey, brown, or black in colour
- wet or dry
25
Slough
- avascular + necrotic
- yellow or white in colour
26
Biofilm
Recurrent film produced d/t high bacterial loads
27
Tunneling
Areas of tissue destruction extending from wound bed, underneath intact skin
28
Undermining
Areas of tissue destruction extending underneath intact skin along wound edge
