Lesson 1: Principles Flashcards
What is instrumentation and control?
Instrumentation and Control (I&C) refers to the field of engineering that focuses on the measurement and regulation of process variables to ensure efficient and automated operations.
What does control refer to in instrumentation and control?
Control refers to the methods and systems used to regulate process variables, often using controllers, actuators, and feedback loops.
What devices are involved in instrumentation?
Instrumentation involves the use of devices such as sensors, transmitters, and gauges.
What key process variables are measured in instrumentation?
Key process variables include:
* Temperature
* Pressure
* Flow
* Level
Why are instrumentation and control systems essential in industrial automation?
They ensure processes run efficiently, safely, and consistently.
What are the desired learning outcomes in instrumentation and control?
Outcomes include:
* Explain the principles of measurement, feedback, and control
* Understand fundamental concepts
* Identify different types of instruments
* Recognize the importance of safety.
Why is safety critical in instrumentation and control systems?
Safety is critical because proper functioning impacts the protection of personnel, equipment, and the environment.
What are key considerations on safety in instrumentation and control?
Key considerations include:
* Proper Sensor Calibration
* Regular Maintenance and Inspections
* Fail Safe Mechanism
* Redundancy and Backup Systems
* Compliance with Industry Standards
What are the three major components of OSH in the Philippines?
The major components are:
* Occupational Safety
* Occupational Health
* Industrial Hygiene
What is 5S?
5S is a systematic approach for productivity, quality, and safety improvement.
What does Seiri (Sort) entail in the 5S methodology?
Sorting through materials and tools to determine necessary vs. unnecessary items.
What is the purpose of Seiton (Set in Order) in 5S?
Organizing and identifying necessary materials and tools for ease of use.
What does Seiso (Shine) involve in the 5S system?
Cleaning the area of any dirt and debris.
What is the goal of Seiketsu (Standardize) in 5S?
Establishing a daily process to maintain cleanliness and order.
What does Shitsuke (Sustain) aim to achieve in 5S?
Turning 5S into a habit to sustain gains in productivity and safety.
Define Measurement in the context of instrumentation.
Measurement is the process of obtaining data about a physical variable, with accuracy defining closeness to the true value.
What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback reinforces changes, leading to amplification or instability.
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback reduces the difference between the measured value and the desired value, stabilizing the system.
What is an Open Loop System?
Open-loop control has no feedback and runs based on predefined settings.
What is a Closed Loop System?
Closed-loop control uses feedback to adjust control actions dynamically.
What are the elements of a Closed Loop System?
Elements include:
* PROCESS
* SENSOR
* CONTROLLER
* ACTUATOR
What is a process variable?
A process variable is a dynamic feature of the process that may change rapidly.
What are disturbance variables?
Disturbance variables, or ‘load’ variables, represent input variables that can cause controlled variables to deviate from set points.
What are manipulated variables?
Manipulated variables are input variables adjusted dynamically to keep controlled variables at their set-points.
