Lesson 1 Plant Tissues Flashcards
Bryophytes
Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts
Lycophytes
Fern Allies
Pteridophytes
Ferns
gymnosperms
Non-Flowering open seeded plants
Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Which ones are the non-plants?
Bacteria, Fungi, and Algae
What are Cereals?
And what do they produce?
Fruits/ seeds of the grass family
Ex) Wheats, rice barley, sorghum, and millet
Have high carbohydrate
What are Legumes?
And what nutrient to they pocess?
Bean family plants
Beans, peas, soybeans, alfalfa, and clovers
They produce protein and amino acids that cereals lack
What does Terpenes do?
Many perfumes from flowers.
What are phenolics?
They make the pigments in food and flavors.
Ex) Vanilla in vanilla beans
What are Alkaloids?
Some affect the nervous system of animals
Ex) Narcotics and caffeine
Which 2nd metabolites are addictive to humans?
Alkaloids
What do plasmodesmata’s do?
They are on the outer cell wall and they connect to other plasmodesmata’s on the neighbor and exchange signals to each other.
What are some organelles found in animal cells and not plants?
Flagellum, lysosome, and centriole
What does it mean for a solution to be hypertonic?
This means that the solution has little to none H2O and mostly salt/something else
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Plasmolysis
What does it mean for a solution to be hypotonic?
This means the solution has a lot of water and little to none salt/something else
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Cytolysis
What are the three plastids?
Chloroplast
Amyloplasts
Chromoplast
What does amyloplast do?
Stores starch
What does Chromoplast do?
It gives color to the plant/tissues
What are the two types of cell walls?
Primary and Secondary
What are the three types of meristematic tissues?
Apical
Lateral
Intercalary
Where are the lateral meristems and found and what do they do for the plant?
They are only found in woody dicots at mature areas.
They increase the width and girth of the plant.
Ex) All they layers of wooden trees as they grow in age
Where are the apical meristems found and what do they do?
They are found at the root and shoot of growing tips.
They increase the length and height in plants.
Where are Intercalary meristems found and what do they do?
They are found at the nodes and internodes of the plant and are only found in monocots.
They increase the length of internodes.
What are the three main types of tissue found in apical meristems?
Dermal Tissue (Epidermis)
Vascular Tissue
Ground Tissue(Cortex)
What does the Epidermis do (Dermal Tissue)?
It is the protective layer
What does the Vascular Tissue do?
Is is conductive tissue
What does the Ground Tissue do (cortex) and where is it found/
It fills up the space and is usually found all around the cell and maybe even centered in the middle of it.
Apical Meristems?
They cause primary growth.
Produces new leaves and flowers
Lateral Meristems
Causes secondary growth.
Occurs at the cambium
Produces bark on trees
What are all the simple tissues/cells in plants?
Parenchyma Cells
Collenchyma Cells
Sclerenchyma Cells
What are some characteristics of Parenchyma Cells?
Very thin walls
Loosely packed cells
Varying shapes
Alive at maturity
What are the functions of Parenchyma cells?
Stores food
Photosynthesis
Stores chemicals
Synthesis of chemicals
What are some characteristics for Collenchyma Cells?
Irregularly thickened cells walls tightly packed
Cells elongated cell shape
Alive at maturity
What are some functions of Collenchyma Cells?
Provide strength to young tender parts that need to bend and elongate
What are the two types of Sclerenchyma Tissues/cells?
There are 2 types and they are dead cells.
Sclerenchyma Fibers
Sclereids
What are the two types of Complex Tissues/Cells?
Vascular Tissue
Dermal Tissue
What are the characteristics of Sclerenchyma Cells?
What is the function for these cells?
Elongated cells with tapering ends
Strong and Flexible
For strength
What are the characteristics and functions of Sclereids?
Variable shapes
NOT elongated
Give the gritty texture to fruits
Found in seed coats
Ex) Pears
What does the Dermal Tissue do?
for protection and exchange, contain
specialized cells
What are Vascular Tissues?
Transport food, water, and other material throughout the plant
i.e. xylem and phloem
What are Xylem tissues
Transport Water
2 Types
Xylem fibers (sclerenchyma)
Xylem parenchyma
What are Phloem Tissue?
Transport food
Phloem Fibers (Sclerenchyma)
Phloem Parenchyma
What are Sieve tubes and what kind of cell is usually next to it?
They are tubes that have lost their nucleus but are still alive wit cytoplasm.
Companion cells regulate the activities of sieve tubes
