Lesson 1- Plant And Animal Cells. Flashcards
Define Eukaryotic Cells:
Eukaryotic cells contain genetic material in a nucleus. They are complex and relatively large, with sizes between 10 um and 100 um. Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells.
Define Prokaryotic Cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus. Their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm. They are simple cells, and are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells. Most have a size from 1 um to 10 um. Bacterial cells are examples of prokaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
1) Controls the activities of the cell.
2) It contains the organism’s genetic material, arranged as chromosomes; this determines the cell’s appearance and function.
3) The nucleus also contains instructions to make new cells or new organisms.
What is the function of mitochondria?
This where respiration happens. Special protein molecules, called enzymes, enable glucose and oxygen to react together. The reactions transfer vital energy to the organism.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is a selective barrier that controls which substances pass into and out of the cell. The membrane also contains receptor molecules.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is jellylike substance. The chemical reactions that keep the cell alive happen here.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
These contain green chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll transfers energy from the Sun to the plant as light, which is used in photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are in only the green parts of the plant.
What is the function of the vacuole?
This is full of cell sap, a watery solution of sugar and salts. It helps to keep the cell rigid, so supporting the plant and keeping it upright.
What is the function of the cell wall?
This surrounds the cell. It is made of a tough fibre called cellulose.
It makes the wall rigid and supports the cell.
