LESSON 1 - Overview of Medical Technology Flashcards

1
Q

“Clinical laboratory science/laboratory medicine”

A

Medical technology

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2
Q

Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to monitor and improve the management of health condition

A

Medical technology

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3
Q

Interdisciplinary focusing in health sciences

A

Medical technology

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4
Q

Medical technology is defined as the application of: (enumerate 3)

… to monitor and improve the management of health condition

A

diagnostic
preventive
therapeutic

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5
Q

Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to (enumerate 2)

A

To monitor and improve the management of health condition

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6
Q

WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

A

Ruth Heinemann

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7
Q

Ruth Heinemann discussed Medical Technology as…

A

APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

(application of sciences in diagnosis and treatment)

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8
Q

WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
“…branch of medicine concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”

A

Anne Fagelson

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9
Q

Anne Fagelson discussed Medical Technology as…

A

“…BRANCH OF MEDICINE concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”

(branch of medicine that deals with laboratory diagnoses and analyses to treat disease and maintain health)

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10
Q

This Republic Act states that “…an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”

A

RA 5527

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11
Q

RA 5527 states that…

A

“…an AUXILLARY BRANCH OF LABORATORY MEDICINE which deals with the EXAMINATION of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids BY VARIOUS electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques EITHER manual or automated which will AID the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”

(auxiliary branch that deals with the EXAMINATION, THROUGH VARIOUS PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES, EITHER MANUAL OR AUTOMATED, THAT’LL AID IN DIAGNOSIS AND STUDY FOR PROMOTION OF HEALTH)

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12
Q

What is common?
Performing lab procedures (samples) + diagnosis and treatment (disease)

A

Analysis (results)

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13
Q

It is a facility that performs chemical and microscopic examination of various body fluids

A

clinical laboratory

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14
Q

Head of the clinical laboratory, countersigns the result of the examination done by the medical technologist

A

Pathologist

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15
Q

This profession under the field is a licensed physician

A

Pathologist

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16
Q

Two (2) types of pathologists

A

Anatomic/Anatomical Pathologist
Clinical Pathologist

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17
Q

a) Those who examine the tissues
b) Head of the _____ laboratory

A

ANSWER: Anatomic/anatomical pathologist
[underline] b) head of the anatomic laboratory

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18
Q

a) Have undergone training in the clinical laboratory
b) they are the head of the ____ laboratory

A

ANSWER: Clinical pathologist
[underline] b) main laboratory

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19
Q

works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination

A

Medical Technologist

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20
Q

works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination

A

Medical Technologist

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21
Q

highest position a medical technologist can obtain, focuses more on the administrative side of the laboratory

A

Chief Medical Technologist

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22
Q

a) graduate of BS Medical Technology
b) not a licensed medical technologist
c) can never sign or release a result

A

Medical Technician

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23
Q

● Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease
● Perform blood tests
● Measure substance in blood and other body fluids
● Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
● Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results
● Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
● Adhere to high ethical standards of performance

A

Roles of a medical technologist

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24
Q

Roles of a Medical Technologist

A

● Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease
● Perform blood tests
● Measure substance in blood and other body fluids
● Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
● Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results
● Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
● Adhere to high ethical standards of performance

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25
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

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26
Q

Described the “four humors” in man

A

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

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27
Q

○ Father of Medicine
○ Described the “four humors” in man: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile

A

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

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28
Q

What were the “four humors” enumerated by Hippocrates?

A

blood
phlegm
yellow bile
black bile

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29
Q

Urinalysis is the…

A

Oldest laboratory procedure
(400 B.C)

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30
Q

What is the oldest laboratory procedure dated way back 400 B.C.

A

Urinalysis

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31
Q

recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine as well as polyuria in diabetes

A

Hindu Physicians (600 BC)

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32
Q

The Hindu physicians recorded… way back 600 BC
(enumerate 2)

A

the sweet taste of diabetic urine
polyuria in diabetes

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33
Q

Identified Taenia and Ascaris

A

Vivian Herrick (1500 B.C)

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34
Q

Vivian Herrick discovered these two way back 1500 B.C

A

Taenia
Ascaris

(both are intestinal parasites)

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35
Q

When was Ebers Papyrus discovered?

A

1500 B.C.

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36
Q

This is the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts

A

Ebers Papyrus

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37
Q

How many pages are there in the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts?

A

110 pages (Ebers Papyrus)

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38
Q

The Ebers Papyrus contain chapters on:

A
  • contraception
  • pregnancy
  • burns
  • intestinal disease
  • parasites
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39
Q

Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine using a number of 24-hour urine specimen

A

Jean Baptiste van Helmont (1577-1644)

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40
Q

This is the contribution of Jean Baptiste van Helmont

A

gravimetric analysis of urine

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41
Q

Presented a test for the detection of protein based on boiling of
specimen in the presence of acetic acid

A

Frederick Dekkers (1673)

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42
Q

This was discovered by Frederick Dekkers

A

test for the detection of protein based on boiling of
specimen in the presence of acetic acid

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43
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the…

A

Invented the single-lensed microscope

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44
Q

Who was first to describe red blood cells, protozoa, and to classify bacteria
according to shape

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)

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45
Q

Marcelo Malphigi is known as the…

A

Founder of Pathology

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46
Q

He was the greatest of the early microscopists

Also contributed to embryology and anatomy

A

Marcelo Malphigi (1628-1694)

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47
Q

Marcelo Malphigi, being one of the greatest of the early microscopists, also contributed to…

A

embryology and anatomy

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48
Q

Rudolph Virchow is known as the Founder of…

A

Founder of the field of cellular pathology

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49
Q

He is a German physician, anthropologist, politician, and social reformer

A

Rudolph Virchow

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50
Q

He stressed that most of the diseases of mankind
could be understood in terms of the dysfunction of
cells.

A

Rudolph Virchow

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51
Q

He is the Founder of “Archives of Pathology” located in Berlin

A

Rudolph Virchow

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52
Q

19th Century is known as

A

The Era of Public Health

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53
Q

Showed that cholera was waterborne and brought the situation under
control

A

John Snow (1854)

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54
Q

Bacteria name: Cholera

A

Vibrio Cholerae

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55
Q

Cholera happened where

A

London, U.K.

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56
Q

Discovery the concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A

Louis Pasteur

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57
Q

(1867) discovery that cause of wine spoiling and it could be prevented
by partial heat sterilization at 55-60 degrees Celsius

A

Louis Pasteur

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58
Q

(1881) Discovery of vaccine against anthrax

A

Louis Pasteur

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59
Q

Louis Pasteur had 3 notable discoveries:

A
  • aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
  • wine spoiling prevention (partial heat sterilization)
  • vaccine against anthrax
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60
Q

̶Performed the first quantitative test
for urine sugar

A

Hermann von Fehling (1848)

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61
Q

Fehling’s solution is used as a…

A

chemical test to differentiate
between water-soluble aldehyde and
ketone functional groups, and as a
test for monosaccharides.

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62
Q

It can be used to screen for glucose
in urine, thus detecting diabetes

A

Fehling’s solution

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63
Q

Chemical test of Fehling aids to differentiate between:
(3 pts)

A

1) water-soluble aldehyde
2) ketone functional groups
3) monosaccharides

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64
Q

Danish physician that further developed a method of staining bacteria originally
developed by the German biologist Paul Ehrlich.

A

Hans Christian Joachim Gram (1884)

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65
Q

The original method of staining bacteria was made by

A

Paul Ehrlich

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66
Q

(STAINING BACTERIA) Ehrlich

A

Used aniline water and gentian violet (cationic dye) to stain cells, and the cell walls would appear purple after staining

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67
Q

a cationic dye

A

gentian violet

68
Q

(STAINING BACTERIA) Gram

A

Devised his method that used crystal violet (gentian violet) as the primary stain, an iodine solution as a mordant, followed by treatment with ethanol as a decolorizer

69
Q

VIAS

A

Violet, Iodine, Alcohol (ethanol), Safranin

70
Q

Hans Christian Joachim Gram’s (1884) method of staining bacteria is now more commonly known as

A

gram staining

71
Q

Anthrax is a kind of

A

skin infection

72
Q

Bacteria name: anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

73
Q

̶ Established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College
̶ First professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University (1885)

A

Dr. William H. Welch (1878)

74
Q

̶ Opened the first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital

  • William Pepper Laboratory was opened at the University of Pennsylvania
  • Gave attention to malarial parasites in blood, duced in a chemical reaction, start of automation
A

Dr. William Osler (1896)

75
Q

Wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” which
became the standard reference of
laboratories

A

Dr. James C. Todd (1908)

76
Q

Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized in

A

1921

77
Q

American Board of Pathology was organized in

A

1936

78
Q

Produced a great demand for technicians and clinical laboratories

A

World War I

79
Q

During the World War I, this university was one of the first schools to establish trainings for workers in 1922

A

University of Minnesota

80
Q

University of Minnesota was first to offer

A

degree program in 1923

81
Q

This “era” was a great catalyst for development

A

World War I and World War II

82
Q
  • “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted
  • Advanced instrumentation
  • Automated equipment
  • Quality control programs
A

World War II

83
Q
  • “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted
  • Advanced instrumentation
  • Automated equipment
  • Quality control programs
A

World War II

84
Q
  • First clinical laboratory
    ̶ 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th U.S. Army
    ̶ Located at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
    ̶ Known as Public Health Laboratory
A

January 9, 1945

85
Q

Wrote the book “Clinical Diagnosis: a Manual of Laboratory Methods”

A

James Todd

86
Q
  • Pennsylvania State Legislature
  • Passed a law requiring all hospitals to be equipped with adequate
    laboratory
A

1915

87
Q

What year passed a law requiring all hospitals to be equipped with adequate laboratory

A

1915

88
Q

In 1915 this Legislature was made

A

Pennsylvania State Legislature

89
Q

WHEN DID THIS HAPPEN? Physicians with knowledge on laboratory medicine began to teach their assistants to run tests for them

A

World War I

90
Q

This type of instrumentation advancements paved the way during World War II

A
  • measuring the concentration of analyte based on the intensity of light produced in a chemical reaction
91
Q

There was a need for healthcare assistance for their wounded soldiers
and civilians

A

US bases in Leyte in 1944

92
Q

US bases in Leyte (1944) needed:

A

healthcare assistance for their wounded soldiers and civilians

93
Q
  • 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army established the 1st known clinical
    laboratory in the Philippines
  • At Quiricada Street Santa Cruz, Manila
  • (now a division Manila Public Health Department)
A

January 1945

94
Q

__th Medical Laboratory of the _th US army established the 1st known clinical laboratory in the Philippines

A

26th
6th

95
Q

Where is the first known clinical lab in the Philippines located?

A

Quiricada Street Santa Cruz, Manila
(now: division Manila Public Health Department)

96
Q
  • Start of training of high school graduates to work as laboratory technicians
  • Facilitated by the healthcare team of the 26th Medical Laboratory
A

February 1945

97
Q
  • The 6th US Army left the laboratory and endorsed it to the National Department of Health
  • Became non-functional
A

June 1945

98
Q

When the 6th US Army left the laboratory, to whom was it endorsed?
Was it functional or not?

A

National Department of Health
Not functional

99
Q

When did WWII ended?

A

September 1945

100
Q

It was on October 1945 that the 26th Medical Laboratory was reorganized by?

A

Dr. Pio de Roda

101
Q

Dr. Pio de Roda reorganized the 26th Medical Laboratory during this time

A

October 1945

102
Q

He thought that the residents of Manila could be better served by laboratory methods to solve their problems in relation to their
health

A

Dr. Pio de Roda

103
Q

Who did Dr. Pio de Roda see where he presented his ideas and good intentions in preserving the remnants of the 26th Medical Laboratory and his plans in organizing new medical laboratory for the Manileños

A

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

104
Q

Who was the 1st city health officer of Manila

A

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

105
Q

Medical Laboratory, now known as the _________________________ was formally organized under the leadership of Dr. Pio de Roda

A

Manila Public Health Laboratory

106
Q

This person was instructed by Dr. Pio de Roda to train medical technicians.

A

Dr. Prudencia Sta Ana

107
Q

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana trained…

A

High school and paramedical graduates

Free for interested people

108
Q

When was training for medical technicians free for interested people in which the training was not well set as there is no definite period and issued certificate of completion.

A

1947

109
Q

In 1954 Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Sta Ana to ________ of training for medical technicians

A

prepare a syllabus

110
Q

It was during this time that 6 months of training period was established to become a medical technician in which there was also an issuance of certificate of completion for successful trainees

A

1954

111
Q

Dr. Sta Ana was joined by ____________ in 1954 to train medical technicians

A

Dr. Tirso Briones

112
Q

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital in Pasay City

A

(Manila Adventist Medical Center)

113
Q

Philippine Union College in Baesa, Caloocon City

A

(Adventist University of the Philippines) now in Silang Cavite

114
Q

Founder of medical technology education
in the Philippines

A

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

115
Q

American medical practitioner of the
Seventh Day Adventist Church in the
Philippines

A

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

116
Q

He was the first Medical Technology graduate in the Philippines

A

Dr. Jesse Umali

117
Q

Where did Dr. Jesse Umali graduated?

A

Philippine Union College of Baesa (1954)

118
Q

It took _ years of Dr. Jesse Umali to graduate

A

2 years

119
Q

He is an OB-GYNE and the owner of Megalab in Vito Cruz, Manila

A

Dr. Jesse Umali

120
Q

Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes offered MT as an elective to pharmacy students in…

A

University of Santo Tomas (1957-1958)

121
Q

When did B.S. MT became a 4 year course in UST?

A

June 14, 1961

122
Q

It was this time that Internship permit for MT program was
issued to UST

A

June 1960

123
Q

He offered MT as a separate course from Pharmacy

A

Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez, O.P.

124
Q

Which university?
First batch graduated in 1962 under Mrs. Purificacion Sunico-Suaco

A

Centro Escolar University (1960)

125
Q

When did the first batch of CEU MTs graduated?

A

1962

126
Q

Dr. Horacio Ylagan and Dr. Serafin Juliano

A

Far Eastern University (1962)

127
Q
  • Offers the same course but the degree is conferred to
    as B.S. Public Health
A

UP

128
Q

PASMETH (meaning)

A

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public
Health, Inc.

129
Q

PAMET

A

̶Philippine Association of Medical Technologists

130
Q

Policies, standards and guidelines (PSG) for medical technology education

A

CMO no. 14 s. 2006

131
Q

Guidelines for the Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories Involved in the Training
of MLS/MT Interns

A

CMO no. 6 s. 2008

132
Q

Policy Standards to enhance Quality Assurance in Philippine higher education
through and OUTCOMES-BASED and TYPOLOGY BASED QA

A

CMO no. 46 s. 2012

133
Q

Policies, standards and guidelines for the bachelor of science in mt/mls program

A

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

134
Q

(Which CMO) Objectives of MT education
* Develop knowledge, attitudes and skills in the performance of clinical
lab procedures needed to help the physician in the proper diagnosis,
treatment program and prevention of diseases

  • Develop skills in critical and analytical thinking
  • Develop leadership skills
  • Uphold moral and ethical values
A

CMO no. 14 s. 2006

135
Q

(Which CMO)
* Signed May 8, 2017 by CHED Chairman Patricia B. Licuanan

  • Based on the guidelines of CMO NO 46 S. 2012
    shift to learning competency-based standards/outcomes-based education
  • With core competencies expected regardless of the type of HEI they graduated from
  • PSG allow HEI to initiate curricular innovations in line with the assessment of how best to achieve outcomes in their
    particular contexts and their respective missions
  • HEIs are allowed to design curricula suited to their own contexts and missions
    Based on the K-12 basic education system and on the new GE program
A

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

136
Q

5.1 Degree name
BS MT/ BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

5.2 Nature of field of study
4-yr program
with general education and professional courses
4 yr level is the internship program of ONE YEAR

5.3 Program Goals
For the mls/mt graduates to:
Develop knowledge skills professional attitudes and values
Acquire critical thinking skills
Engage in research and community related activities
Participate in activities related to promoting the
profession and actively engage in life-long learning
undertakings
Develop collaborative and leadership qualities

A

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

137
Q

Who signed the CMO no.13 s. 2017

A

CHED Chairman Patricia Licuanan

138
Q

Number of units

A

173 units

139
Q

Units per part
GE CORE
GE ELECTIVE
GE MANDATED
PE
NSTP
CORE
PROFESSIONAL
RESEARCH
CLIN. INTERNSHIP

A

GE CORE - 24
GE ELECTIVE -9
GE MANDATED - 3
PE - 8
NSTP - 6
CORE - 26
PROFESSIONAL - 65
RESEARCH - 5
CLIN. INTERNSHIP - 28

140
Q

TOTAL NUMBER OF EXPOSURE
* 1ST-3RD YEAR LAB
* INTERNSHIP

A

1,728 HRS
1,664 HRS

141
Q

WHAT WAS ADDED IN CMO NO 13, 2017

A

MOLECULAR BIOLODY AND DIAGNOSTIC

142
Q

Interns should render __ hours of internship duty hours per week completing a total of 1664 hours for
the whole year

A

32

143
Q

TWO 8 hr duty per week
ONE 16 hr duty per week

A

16 hrs, 2 days rest
8 hrs, 1 day rest

144
Q

The intern (shall or shall not) be assigned on a 24-hour duty

A

Shall not

145
Q

Reason for not assigning MedTechs in 24 hour duty

A

Too dangerous
lowers efficiency and effectivity

146
Q

THE INTERN SHALL BE ALLOWED _ DAY OFF PER WEEK AND _ MORE DAY FOR
SEMINAR/ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

A

1, 1

147
Q

NATURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY
- Program course shall be called as:
(2 pts)

A

̶Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

or

̶Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

148
Q

NATURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY
- no of years
- pass the…

A
  • Four year program
    –> One-year internship with rotational duties in different laboratory sections in a CHED-accredited training lab
149
Q

Can a student apply for internship in a school that is not CHED-accredited?

A

No.
It must be hospital based
tertiary level
Partnership agreement between the school and laboratory

150
Q

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

A
  • Develop knowledge, skills, professional attitude and values in
    the performance of laboratory procedures
  • Acquire critical thinking skills
  • Engage in research and community-related activities
  • Participate in activities promoting the profession and engage
    in life-long learning undertakings
  • Develop collaborative and leadership qualities
151
Q

EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES

A
  • Technical competence
  • Analytical and critical thinking skills
  • Proper collection, analysis, and projection of health
    information
  • Inter-personal skills, leadership qualities, and ethical practice of profession
  • Research skills
  • Community-oriented activities
  • Life-long learning activities
  • Effective teaching and communication skills
152
Q

PROGRAM CURRICULUM

A
  • gen ed
  • core courses
  • professional courses
153
Q

Examples of core courses

A

Biostats, phyana, pharma

154
Q

Examples of professional courses

A

clinical lab (board exam courses)

155
Q

An Act Requiring the Registration of Medical Technologist, Defining Their
Practice

A

Republic Act No. 5527 of 1969

156
Q

How many ammendment were made in act defining medtech practice?

A

3

157
Q

How many sections are there in RA 5527

A

32 sections

158
Q

Scope of Licensure Exam

A

Clinical Chem - 20
Microbiology and Parasitology 20
Hematology - 20
Blood Banking and Serology - 20
Clinical Microscopy - 10
Histopathologic Techniques and MT Laws - 10

159
Q

What are the majors, 1 fail - fail all (4)

A

Clinical Chem
Microbiology and Parasitology
Hematology
Blood Banking and Serology

160
Q

How many subjects are under micriobio and para

A

3 under

161
Q

Blood banking and serology how many courses?

A

BB - 2
Sero - 2

162
Q

Employment opportunities

A
  • Medical technologist (generalist/specialist)
  • Clinical laboratory supervisor
  • Chief medical technologist
  • Laboratory owner
  • Sales and public relations representative
  • Educational representatives (company/health program)
  • Researcher (industrial/medical)
  • Teacher/instructor (secondary/tertiary levels)
  • Employment abroad
163
Q

Difference between generalist and specialist medical technology

A

GENERALIST - umiikot all sections (ex: hema, chem)
SPECIALIST - stay permanently in one section (complex)

164
Q

Dean of the College of Medical Laboratory Science of Our Lady of Fatima University (OLFU)

New president of PASMETH

A

Dr. Jose Jurel Nuevo

165
Q

PASMETH president before Nuevo

A

Bernard Ebuen

166
Q

new PAMET PRESIDENT - from CEU

A

Ms. Luella Vertucio

167
Q

PAMET - EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NATIONAL PRESIDENT from FEU

A

Rommel Saceda