LESSON 1 - Overview of Medical Technology Flashcards
“Clinical laboratory science/laboratory medicine”
Medical technology
Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to monitor and improve the management of health condition
Medical technology
Interdisciplinary focusing in health sciences
Medical technology
Medical technology is defined as the application of: (enumerate 3)
… to monitor and improve the management of health condition
diagnostic
preventive
therapeutic
Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to (enumerate 2)
To monitor and improve the management of health condition
WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Ruth Heinemann
Ruth Heinemann discussed Medical Technology as…
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
(application of sciences in diagnosis and treatment)
WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
“…branch of medicine concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”
Anne Fagelson
Anne Fagelson discussed Medical Technology as…
“…BRANCH OF MEDICINE concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”
(branch of medicine that deals with laboratory diagnoses and analyses to treat disease and maintain health)
This Republic Act states that “…an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”
RA 5527
RA 5527 states that…
“…an AUXILLARY BRANCH OF LABORATORY MEDICINE which deals with the EXAMINATION of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids BY VARIOUS electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques EITHER manual or automated which will AID the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”
(auxiliary branch that deals with the EXAMINATION, THROUGH VARIOUS PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES, EITHER MANUAL OR AUTOMATED, THAT’LL AID IN DIAGNOSIS AND STUDY FOR PROMOTION OF HEALTH)
What is common?
Performing lab procedures (samples) + diagnosis and treatment (disease)
Analysis (results)
It is a facility that performs chemical and microscopic examination of various body fluids
clinical laboratory
Head of the clinical laboratory, countersigns the result of the examination done by the medical technologist
Pathologist
This profession under the field is a licensed physician
Pathologist
Two (2) types of pathologists
Anatomic/Anatomical Pathologist
Clinical Pathologist
a) Those who examine the tissues
b) Head of the _____ laboratory
ANSWER: Anatomic/anatomical pathologist
[underline] b) head of the anatomic laboratory
a) Have undergone training in the clinical laboratory
b) they are the head of the ____ laboratory
ANSWER: Clinical pathologist
[underline] b) main laboratory
works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination
Medical Technologist
works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination
Medical Technologist
highest position a medical technologist can obtain, focuses more on the administrative side of the laboratory
Chief Medical Technologist
a) graduate of BS Medical Technology
b) not a licensed medical technologist
c) can never sign or release a result
Medical Technician
● Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease
● Perform blood tests
● Measure substance in blood and other body fluids
● Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
● Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results
● Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
● Adhere to high ethical standards of performance
Roles of a medical technologist
Roles of a Medical Technologist
● Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease
● Perform blood tests
● Measure substance in blood and other body fluids
● Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
● Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results
● Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
● Adhere to high ethical standards of performance
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates (400 B.C.)
Described the “four humors” in man
Hippocrates (400 B.C.)
○ Father of Medicine
○ Described the “four humors” in man: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile
Hippocrates (400 B.C.)
What were the “four humors” enumerated by Hippocrates?
blood
phlegm
yellow bile
black bile
Urinalysis is the…
Oldest laboratory procedure
(400 B.C)
What is the oldest laboratory procedure dated way back 400 B.C.
Urinalysis
recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine as well as polyuria in diabetes
Hindu Physicians (600 BC)
The Hindu physicians recorded… way back 600 BC
(enumerate 2)
the sweet taste of diabetic urine
polyuria in diabetes
Identified Taenia and Ascaris
Vivian Herrick (1500 B.C)
Vivian Herrick discovered these two way back 1500 B.C
Taenia
Ascaris
(both are intestinal parasites)
When was Ebers Papyrus discovered?
1500 B.C.
This is the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts
Ebers Papyrus
How many pages are there in the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts?
110 pages (Ebers Papyrus)
The Ebers Papyrus contain chapters on:
- contraception
- pregnancy
- burns
- intestinal disease
- parasites
Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine using a number of 24-hour urine specimen
Jean Baptiste van Helmont (1577-1644)
This is the contribution of Jean Baptiste van Helmont
gravimetric analysis of urine
Presented a test for the detection of protein based on boiling of
specimen in the presence of acetic acid
Frederick Dekkers (1673)
This was discovered by Frederick Dekkers
test for the detection of protein based on boiling of
specimen in the presence of acetic acid
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the…
Invented the single-lensed microscope
Who was first to describe red blood cells, protozoa, and to classify bacteria
according to shape
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)
Marcelo Malphigi is known as the…
Founder of Pathology
He was the greatest of the early microscopists
Also contributed to embryology and anatomy
Marcelo Malphigi (1628-1694)
Marcelo Malphigi, being one of the greatest of the early microscopists, also contributed to…
embryology and anatomy
Rudolph Virchow is known as the Founder of…
Founder of the field of cellular pathology
He is a German physician, anthropologist, politician, and social reformer
Rudolph Virchow
He stressed that most of the diseases of mankind
could be understood in terms of the dysfunction of
cells.
Rudolph Virchow
He is the Founder of “Archives of Pathology” located in Berlin
Rudolph Virchow
19th Century is known as
The Era of Public Health
Showed that cholera was waterborne and brought the situation under
control
John Snow (1854)
Bacteria name: Cholera
Vibrio Cholerae
Cholera happened where
London, U.K.
Discovery the concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Louis Pasteur
(1867) discovery that cause of wine spoiling and it could be prevented
by partial heat sterilization at 55-60 degrees Celsius
Louis Pasteur
(1881) Discovery of vaccine against anthrax
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur had 3 notable discoveries:
- aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
- wine spoiling prevention (partial heat sterilization)
- vaccine against anthrax
̶Performed the first quantitative test
for urine sugar
Hermann von Fehling (1848)
Fehling’s solution is used as a…
chemical test to differentiate
between water-soluble aldehyde and
ketone functional groups, and as a
test for monosaccharides.
It can be used to screen for glucose
in urine, thus detecting diabetes
Fehling’s solution
Chemical test of Fehling aids to differentiate between:
(3 pts)
1) water-soluble aldehyde
2) ketone functional groups
3) monosaccharides
Danish physician that further developed a method of staining bacteria originally
developed by the German biologist Paul Ehrlich.
Hans Christian Joachim Gram (1884)
The original method of staining bacteria was made by
Paul Ehrlich
(STAINING BACTERIA) Ehrlich
Used aniline water and gentian violet (cationic dye) to stain cells, and the cell walls would appear purple after staining