LESSON 1 - Overview of Medical Technology Flashcards by Avyn Mangulabnan

“Clinical laboratory science/laboratory medicine”

Medical technology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to monitor and improve the management of health condition

Medical technology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interdisciplinary focusing in health sciences

Medical technology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medical technology is defined as the application of: (enumerate 3)

… to monitor and improve the management of health condition

diagnostic
preventive
therapeutic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Defined as the application of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic medicine to (enumerate 2)

To monitor and improve the management of health condition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Ruth Heinemann

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ruth Heinemann discussed Medical Technology as…

APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

(application of sciences in diagnosis and treatment)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WHO SAID/DISCOVERED THIS?:
“…branch of medicine concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”

Anne Fagelson

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anne Fagelson discussed Medical Technology as…

“…BRANCH OF MEDICINE concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.”

(branch of medicine that deals with laboratory diagnoses and analyses to treat disease and maintain health)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This Republic Act states that “…an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”

RA 5527

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RA 5527 states that…

“…an AUXILLARY BRANCH OF LABORATORY MEDICINE which deals with the EXAMINATION of tissues, secretion, and excretion of the human body and body fluids BY VARIOUS electronic, chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques EITHER manual or automated which will AID the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”

(auxiliary branch that deals with the EXAMINATION, THROUGH VARIOUS PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES, EITHER MANUAL OR AUTOMATED, THAT’LL AID IN DIAGNOSIS AND STUDY FOR PROMOTION OF HEALTH)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is common?
Performing lab procedures (samples) + diagnosis and treatment (disease)

Analysis (results)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a facility that performs chemical and microscopic examination of various body fluids

clinical laboratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Head of the clinical laboratory, countersigns the result of the examination done by the medical technologist

Pathologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This profession under the field is a licensed physician

Pathologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two (2) types of pathologists

Anatomic/Anatomical Pathologist
Clinical Pathologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a) Those who examine the tissues
b) Head of the _____ laboratory

ANSWER: Anatomic/anatomical pathologist
[underline] b) head of the anatomic laboratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a) Have undergone training in the clinical laboratory
b) they are the head of the ____ laboratory

ANSWER: Clinical pathologist
[underline] b) main laboratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination

Medical Technologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

works in collaboration with the Pathology department, they handle the processing of specimens, they perform the examination, they sign the result of the examination

Medical Technologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

highest position a medical technologist can obtain, focuses more on the administrative side of the laboratory

Chief Medical Technologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a) graduate of BS Medical Technology
b) not a licensed medical technologist
c) can never sign or release a result

Medical Technician

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

● Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease
● Perform blood tests
● Measure substance in blood and other body fluids
● Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and machines
● Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results
● Work under pressure with accuracy and precision
● Adhere to high ethical standards of performance

Roles of a medical technologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Roles of a Medical Technologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Father of Medicine

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

Described the "four humors" in man

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

○ Father of Medicine ○ Described the “four humors” in man: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile

Hippocrates (400 B.C.)

What were the "four humors" enumerated by Hippocrates?

blood phlegm yellow bile black bile

Urinalysis is the...

Oldest laboratory procedure (400 B.C)

What is the oldest laboratory procedure dated way back 400 B.C.

Urinalysis

recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine as well as polyuria in diabetes

Hindu Physicians (600 BC)

The Hindu physicians recorded... way back 600 BC (enumerate 2)

the sweet taste of diabetic urine polyuria in diabetes

Identified Taenia and Ascaris

Vivian Herrick (1500 B.C)

Vivian Herrick discovered these two way back 1500 B.C

Taenia Ascaris (both are intestinal parasites)

When was Ebers Papyrus discovered?

1500 B.C.

This is the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts

Ebers Papyrus

How many pages are there in the oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts?

110 pages (Ebers Papyrus)

The Ebers Papyrus contain chapters on:

- contraception - pregnancy - burns - intestinal disease - parasites

Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine using a number of 24-hour urine specimen

Jean Baptiste van Helmont (1577-1644)

This is the contribution of Jean Baptiste van Helmont

gravimetric analysis of urine

Presented a test for the detection of protein based on boiling of specimen in the presence of acetic acid

Frederick Dekkers (1673)

This was discovered by Frederick Dekkers

test for the detection of protein based on boiling of specimen in the presence of acetic acid

Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the...

Invented the single-lensed microscope

Who was first to describe red blood cells, protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)

Marcelo Malphigi is known as the...

Founder of Pathology

He was the greatest of the early microscopists Also contributed to embryology and anatomy

Marcelo Malphigi (1628-1694)

Marcelo Malphigi, being one of the greatest of the early microscopists, also contributed to...

embryology and anatomy

Rudolph Virchow is known as the Founder of...

Founder of the field of cellular pathology

He is a German physician, anthropologist, politician, and social reformer

Rudolph Virchow

He stressed that most of the diseases of mankind could be understood in terms of the dysfunction of cells.

Rudolph Virchow

He is the Founder of "Archives of Pathology" located in Berlin

Rudolph Virchow

19th Century is known as

The Era of Public Health

Showed that cholera was waterborne and brought the situation under control

John Snow (1854)

Bacteria name: Cholera

Vibrio Cholerae

Cholera happened where

London, U.K.

Discovery the concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Louis Pasteur

(1867) discovery that cause of wine spoiling and it could be prevented by partial heat sterilization at 55-60 degrees Celsius

Louis Pasteur

(1881) Discovery of vaccine against anthrax

Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur had 3 notable discoveries:

- aerobic and anaerobic bacteria - wine spoiling prevention (partial heat sterilization) - vaccine against anthrax

̶Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

Hermann von Fehling (1848)

Fehling's solution is used as a...

chemical test to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups, and as a test for monosaccharides.

It can be used to screen for glucose in urine, thus detecting diabetes

Fehling's solution

Chemical test of Fehling aids to differentiate between: (3 pts)

1) water-soluble aldehyde 2) ketone functional groups 3) monosaccharides

Danish physician that further developed a method of staining bacteria originally developed by the German biologist Paul Ehrlich.

Hans Christian Joachim Gram (1884)

The original method of staining bacteria was made by

Paul Ehrlich

(STAINING BACTERIA) Ehrlich

Used aniline water and gentian violet (cationic dye) to stain cells, and the cell walls would appear purple after staining

a cationic dye

gentian violet

(STAINING BACTERIA) Gram

Devised his method that used crystal violet (gentian violet) as the primary stain, an iodine solution as a mordant, followed by treatment with ethanol as a decolorizer

VIAS

Violet, Iodine, Alcohol (ethanol), Safranin

Hans Christian Joachim Gram's (1884) method of staining bacteria is now more commonly known as

gram staining

Anthrax is a kind of

skin infection

Bacteria name: anthrax

bacillus anthracis

̶ Established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College ̶ First professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University (1885)

Dr. William H. Welch (1878)

̶ Opened the first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital - William Pepper Laboratory was opened at the University of Pennsylvania - Gave attention to malarial parasites in blood, duced in a chemical reaction, start of automation

Dr. William Osler (1896)

Wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” which became the standard reference of laboratories

Dr. James C. Todd (1908)

Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized in

1921

American Board of Pathology was organized in

1936

Produced a great demand for technicians and clinical laboratories

World War I

During the World War I, this university was one of the first schools to establish trainings for workers in 1922

University of Minnesota

University of Minnesota was first to offer

degree program in 1923

This "era" was a great catalyst for development

World War I and World War II

* “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted * Advanced instrumentation * Automated equipment * Quality control programs

World War II

* “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted * Advanced instrumentation * Automated equipment * Quality control programs

World War II

* First clinical laboratory ̶ 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th U.S. Army ̶ Located at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila ̶ Known as Public Health Laboratory

January 9, 1945

Wrote the book "Clinical Diagnosis: a Manual of Laboratory Methods"

James Todd

* Pennsylvania State Legislature * Passed a law requiring all hospitals to be equipped with adequate laboratory

1915

What year passed a law requiring all hospitals to be equipped with adequate laboratory

1915

In 1915 this Legislature was made

Pennsylvania State Legislature

WHEN DID THIS HAPPEN? Physicians with knowledge on laboratory medicine began to teach their assistants to run tests for them

World War I

This type of instrumentation advancements paved the way during World War II

* measuring the concentration of analyte based on the intensity of light produced in a chemical reaction

There was a need for healthcare assistance for their wounded soldiers and civilians

US bases in Leyte in 1944

US bases in Leyte (1944) needed:

healthcare assistance for their wounded soldiers and civilians

* 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army established the 1st known clinical laboratory in the Philippines * At Quiricada Street Santa Cruz, Manila * (now a division Manila Public Health Department)

January 1945

__th Medical Laboratory of the _th US army established the 1st known clinical laboratory in the Philippines

26th 6th

Where is the first known clinical lab in the Philippines located?

Quiricada Street Santa Cruz, Manila (now: division Manila Public Health Department)

* Start of training of high school graduates to work as laboratory technicians * Facilitated by the healthcare team of the 26th Medical Laboratory

February 1945

* The 6th US Army left the laboratory and endorsed it to the National Department of Health * Became non-functional

June 1945

When the 6th US Army left the laboratory, to whom was it endorsed? Was it functional or not?

National Department of Health Not functional

When did WWII ended?

September 1945

It was on October 1945 that the 26th Medical Laboratory was reorganized by?

Dr. Pio de Roda

Dr. Pio de Roda reorganized the 26th Medical Laboratory during this time

October 1945

He thought that the residents of Manila could be better served by laboratory methods to solve their problems in relation to their health

Dr. Pio de Roda

Who did Dr. Pio de Roda see where he presented his ideas and good intentions in preserving the remnants of the 26th Medical Laboratory and his plans in organizing new medical laboratory for the Manileños

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

Who was the 1st city health officer of Manila

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

Medical Laboratory, now known as the _________________________ was formally organized under the leadership of Dr. Pio de Roda

Manila Public Health Laboratory

This person was instructed by Dr. Pio de Roda to train medical technicians.

Dr. Prudencia Sta Ana

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana trained...

High school and paramedical graduates Free for interested people

When was training for medical technicians free for interested people in which the training was not well set as there is no definite period and issued certificate of completion.

1947

In 1954 Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Sta Ana to ________ of training for medical technicians

prepare a syllabus

It was during this time that 6 months of training period was established to become a medical technician in which there was also an issuance of certificate of completion for successful trainees

1954

Dr. Sta Ana was joined by ____________ in 1954 to train medical technicians

Dr. Tirso Briones

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital in Pasay City

(Manila Adventist Medical Center)

Philippine Union College in Baesa, Caloocon City

(Adventist University of the Philippines) now in Silang Cavite

Founder of medical technology education in the Philippines

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

American medical practitioner of the Seventh Day Adventist Church in the Philippines

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

He was the first Medical Technology graduate in the Philippines

Dr. Jesse Umali

Where did Dr. Jesse Umali graduated?

Philippine Union College of Baesa (1954)

It took _ years of Dr. Jesse Umali to graduate

2 years

He is an OB-GYNE and the owner of Megalab in Vito Cruz, Manila

Dr. Jesse Umali

Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes offered MT as an elective to pharmacy students in...

University of Santo Tomas (1957-1958)

When did B.S. MT became a 4 year course in UST?

June 14, 1961

It was this time that Internship permit for MT program was issued to UST

June 1960

He offered MT as a separate course from Pharmacy

Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez, O.P.

Which university? First batch graduated in 1962 under Mrs. Purificacion Sunico-Suaco

Centro Escolar University (1960)

When did the first batch of CEU MTs graduated?

1962

Dr. Horacio Ylagan and Dr. Serafin Juliano

Far Eastern University (1962)

* Offers the same course but the degree is conferred to as B.S. Public Health

PASMETH (meaning)

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health, Inc.

PAMET

̶Philippine Association of Medical Technologists

Policies, standards and guidelines (PSG) for medical technology education

CMO no. 14 s. 2006

Guidelines for the Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories Involved in the Training of MLS/MT Interns

CMO no. 6 s. 2008

Policy Standards to enhance Quality Assurance in Philippine higher education through and OUTCOMES-BASED and TYPOLOGY BASED QA

CMO no. 46 s. 2012

Policies, standards and guidelines for the bachelor of science in mt/mls program

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

(Which CMO) Objectives of MT education * Develop knowledge, attitudes and skills in the performance of clinical lab procedures needed to help the physician in the proper diagnosis, treatment program and prevention of diseases * Develop skills in critical and analytical thinking * Develop leadership skills * Uphold moral and ethical values

CMO no. 14 s. 2006

(Which CMO) * Signed May 8, 2017 by CHED Chairman Patricia B. Licuanan * Based on the guidelines of CMO NO 46 S. 2012 shift to learning competency-based standards/outcomes-based education * With core competencies expected regardless of the type of HEI they graduated from * PSG allow HEI to initiate curricular innovations in line with the assessment of how best to achieve outcomes in their particular contexts and their respective missions * HEIs are allowed to design curricula suited to their own contexts and missions Based on the K-12 basic education system and on the new GE program

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

5.1 Degree name BS MT/ BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 5.2 Nature of field of study 4-yr program with general education and professional courses 4 yr level is the internship program of ONE YEAR 5.3 Program Goals For the mls/mt graduates to: Develop knowledge skills professional attitudes and values Acquire critical thinking skills Engage in research and community related activities Participate in activities related to promoting the profession and actively engage in life-long learning undertakings Develop collaborative and leadership qualities

CMO no. 13 s. 2017

Who signed the CMO no.13 s. 2017

CHED Chairman Patricia Licuanan

Number of units

173 units

Units per part GE CORE GE ELECTIVE GE MANDATED PE NSTP CORE PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH CLIN. INTERNSHIP

GE CORE - 24 GE ELECTIVE -9 GE MANDATED - 3 PE - 8 NSTP - 6 CORE - 26 PROFESSIONAL - 65 RESEARCH - 5 CLIN. INTERNSHIP - 28

TOTAL NUMBER OF EXPOSURE * 1ST-3RD YEAR LAB * INTERNSHIP

1,728 HRS 1,664 HRS

WHAT WAS ADDED IN CMO NO 13, 2017

MOLECULAR BIOLODY AND DIAGNOSTIC

Interns should render __ hours of internship duty hours per week completing a total of 1664 hours for the whole year

TWO 8 hr duty per week ONE 16 hr duty per week

16 hrs, 2 days rest 8 hrs, 1 day rest

The intern (shall or shall not) be assigned on a 24-hour duty

Shall not

Reason for not assigning MedTechs in 24 hour duty

Too dangerous lowers efficiency and effectivity

THE INTERN SHALL BE ALLOWED _ DAY OFF PER WEEK AND _ MORE DAY FOR SEMINAR/ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

1, 1

NATURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY - Program course shall be called as: (2 pts)

̶Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or ̶Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

NATURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY - no of years - pass the...

- Four year program --> One-year internship with rotational duties in different laboratory sections in a CHED-accredited training lab

Can a student apply for internship in a school that is not CHED-accredited?

No. It must be hospital based tertiary level Partnership agreement between the school and laboratory

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

* Develop knowledge, skills, professional attitude and values in the performance of laboratory procedures * Acquire critical thinking skills * Engage in research and community-related activities * Participate in activities promoting the profession and engage in life-long learning undertakings * Develop collaborative and leadership qualities

EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES

* Technical competence * Analytical and critical thinking skills * Proper collection, analysis, and projection of health information * Inter-personal skills, leadership qualities, and ethical practice of profession * Research skills * Community-oriented activities * Life-long learning activities * Effective teaching and communication skills

PROGRAM CURRICULUM

- gen ed - core courses - professional courses

Examples of core courses

Biostats, phyana, pharma

Examples of professional courses

clinical lab (board exam courses)

An Act Requiring the Registration of Medical Technologist, Defining Their Practice

Republic Act No. 5527 of 1969

How many ammendment were made in act defining medtech practice?

How many sections are there in RA 5527

32 sections

Scope of Licensure Exam

Clinical Chem - 20 Microbiology and Parasitology 20 Hematology - 20 Blood Banking and Serology - 20 Clinical Microscopy - 10 Histopathologic Techniques and MT Laws - 10

What are the majors, 1 fail - fail all (4)

Clinical Chem Microbiology and Parasitology Hematology Blood Banking and Serology

How many subjects are under micriobio and para

3 under

Blood banking and serology how many courses?

BB - 2 Sero - 2

Employment opportunities

* Medical technologist (generalist/specialist) * Clinical laboratory supervisor * Chief medical technologist * Laboratory owner * Sales and public relations representative * Educational representatives (company/health program) * Researcher (industrial/medical) * Teacher/instructor (secondary/tertiary levels) * Employment abroad

Difference between generalist and specialist medical technology

GENERALIST - umiikot all sections (ex: hema, chem) SPECIALIST - stay permanently in one section (complex)

Dean of the College of Medical Laboratory Science of Our Lady of Fatima University (OLFU) New president of PASMETH

Dr. Jose Jurel Nuevo

PASMETH president before Nuevo

Bernard Ebuen

new PAMET PRESIDENT - from CEU

Ms. Luella Vertucio

PAMET - EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NATIONAL PRESIDENT from FEU

Rommel Saceda

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

LESSON 1 - Overview of Medical Technology Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM