Lesson 1: Negotiation Overview Flashcards
List the priorities of the hostage negotiator.
a) preserve the life of law enforcement personnel
b) preserve the life of bystanders
c) preserve the life of the hostage
d) preserve the life of the hostage taker
Successful police intervention in a hostage situation is an appropriate blend of _____ and _____ _____.
negotiation and tactical responses.
It is essential that the negotiation and tactical teams are in constant contact during an incident, and have
continual, open communication in order to work in concert with each other.
An incident involving a hostage taker, barricaded subject, or suicidal individual is usually motivated by one of two factors, which are
a) the subject has a specific goal they wish to achieve, or
b) they are motivated by an emotional condition, e.g., despair, anger, fear, etc.
List seven basic types of negotiation incidents.
a) criminal
b) psychological or emotionally disturbed
c) suicidal or “Suicide by Cop”
d) domestic, familial violence
e) terrorist groups
f) cults and separatists
g) corrections facility
In a criminal type of negotiation incident, the hostage taker may not have intended to
take a hostage.
Usually the easiest type of hostage situation to deal with. The passage of time helps this situation.
criminal negotiation
The most prevalent type of hostage negotiation situation encountered.
psychological or emotionally disturbed negotiation
The type of negotiation incident where the subject deliberately steps in the line of fire to be shot. The passage of time is very helpful in this type of hostage situation because it gives a chance for anxieties to calm. The negotiator should focus on goals and problem solving.
suicidal or “Suicide by Cop”
The psychological concept where the hostage taker attributes traits to the negotiator, which may or may not be true.
transference
The type of psychological concept where the negotiator or hostage assigns attributes to the hostage taker, which may or may not be true
counter-transference
How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…
The hostage can become extremely docile, cooperating with, or assisting the _____ _____.
hostage taker
How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…
The hostage acquires positive feelings toward the hostage taker based upon the hostage’s _____ _____ with the hostage taker, due to the need to stay alive. This type of behavior is seen in _____ _____.
positive interaction
Stockholm syndrome
How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…
_____ of positive feelings by the hostage toward the hostage taker may include the development of negative feelings toward the police.
Counter-transference
A hostage’s negative feelings toward police may remain after release due to the _____ of the release. For example, they may feel it took too long for them to be released or like they were not valued.
circumstances
The hostage taker may acquire positive feelings toward the hostage. The advantage to this type of transference is that
the hostage may stay alive longer.
When _____ _____ between the hostage taker and the hostage occur, the hostage may not have a counter-transference of positive feelings to the hostage taker.
negative interactions
It takes time for _____ transference to build up between the hostage taker and the hostage.
positive
_____ interactions between the hostage taker and the hostage can make it more difficult to reach a _____ _____.
Negative
negotiated settlement
Caution should be exercised in extracting information from or attempting to rescue a hostage because they may not fully cooperate with the police if they have _____ _____ toward hostage taker.
positive feelings
Categories of verbiage used by a negotiator during the negotiation process.
a) triggers
b) hooks
c) traps
d) flag words
Topics or statements that anger or agitate the hostage taker.
triggers
Topics that improve the relationship and communication between a hostage taker and a negotiator.
hooks
Words that represent a situation when the hostage negotiator gives responses that are incorrect, insensitive, inadequate, or show they were not listening.
traps
Words used by the hostage negotiator that can give the hostage taker a sense of power or incite anxiety, e.g. “hostage,” “gun,” “jail,” “Baker/Marchman Act,” “murder,” “kill,” “surrender”.
flag words
List the major elements present in a hostage negotiation situation.
a) Intelligence gathering
b) Hostage(s)
c) Hostage Taker
d) Isolation and Containment of the hostage taker and hostage
e) Threat of force by police, managed by tactical operations
f) Time to resolve issues
g) Environmental Conditions
A hostage’s actions may affect _____.
the situation
Hostages that are _____ _____ during a hostage situation are at higher risk.
overly emotional
List the following stages associated with a typical hostage’s reaction.
a) denial
b) delusions of reprieve
c) pattern behavior, busy work
d) taking stock
e) making a summary
In the _____ stage, the hostage feels disbelief the event is occurring.
denial
In the _____ stage, the hostage begins to accept the situation is occurring.
delusions of reprieve
In the _____ stage, the hostage will perform incidences of recognized activity, such as reading or other repetitive activities to pass the time during the incident.
pattern behavior, busy work
In the _____ stage, the hostage begins to reflect.
taking stock
In the _____ stage, the hostage works toward positive contact with the hostage taker.
making a summary
What is the immediate priority when a hostage taking incident begins?
Isolation and containment of the hostage taker and hostage.
Effective use of force is determined by _____ and _____ between all teams and inter-agency departments involved in the incident.
cooperation and communication
The motivation of a hostage taker to negotiate is driven by _____.
the threat of force
Having an extended amount of time to negotiate increases _____.
the odds of success
The _____ allows better communication to develop and increases the chances of successful problem solving.
passage of time
The passage of time allows the hostage taker to _____ and _____.
calm down and thing rationally
Though every circumstance is different, it can be a liability to _____ a hostage negotiation or to issue an ultimatum.
rush
_____ _____ such as outside weather, conditions of the hostage area, availability of a bathroom for the hostage taker, ambient noise, etc. can interfere with communications, or become items for negotiation during an incident.
Environmental factors
These situations involve a person held with threat of force in order to influence the decision of another.
hostage situations
A situation where subject(s) use a natural or manmade structure, or an obstacle as a boundary to limit access or block attack. These subjects may or may not have a hostage with which to negotiate.
barricaded subject
_____ _____ intentionally attempt to take their own life or act in an extreme self-destructive manner likely to cause death, including suicide-by-cop.
Suicidal persons
Describe four types of scenes, which may affect how negotiations proceed.
a) barricaded in a structure
b) open ground
c) vehicle/conveyance
d) remote hostage incident/video communication
Identify methods of contact used by negotiators.
a) face to face
b) telephone - cell phone, landline, or a “throw” phone
c) wireless device - text messages, instant video feed, etc.
d) public address system
e) written note
f) use of a third-party intermediary such as a relative, friend, or co-worker
g) use of a language translator
Should be used as a last resort, with sufficient protective cover.
Face to face negotiations
In order to use a third-party intermediary _____ and _____ _____ is required.
debriefing and extensive preparation
For third-party intermediary contact, you may _____ a message if direct contact is not desired.
pre-record
For use of a translator, stress that they are to express _____ _____. A second translator should be assigned to the Intelligence Team.
proper tone
