Lesson 1: Negotiation Overview

Question 1

List the priorities of the hostage negotiator.

Answer 1

a) preserve the life of law enforcement personnel
b) preserve the life of bystanders
c) preserve the life of the hostage
d) preserve the life of the hostage taker

Question 2

Successful police intervention in a hostage situation is an appropriate blend of _____ and _____ _____.

Answer 2

negotiation and tactical responses.

Question 3

It is essential that the negotiation and tactical teams are in constant contact during an incident, and have

Answer 3

continual, open communication in order to work in concert with each other.

Question 4

An incident involving a hostage taker, barricaded subject, or suicidal individual is usually motivated by one of two factors, which are

Answer 4

a) the subject has a specific goal they wish to achieve, or

b) they are motivated by an emotional condition, e.g., despair, anger, fear, etc.

Question 5

List seven basic types of negotiation incidents.

Answer 5

a) criminal
b) psychological or emotionally disturbed
c) suicidal or “Suicide by Cop”
d) domestic, familial violence
e) terrorist groups
f) cults and separatists
g) corrections facility

Question 6

In a criminal type of negotiation incident, the hostage taker may not have intended to

Answer 6

take a hostage.

Question 7

Usually the easiest type of hostage situation to deal with. The passage of time helps this situation.

Answer 7

criminal negotiation

Question 8

The most prevalent type of hostage negotiation situation encountered.

Answer 8

psychological or emotionally disturbed negotiation

Question 9

The type of negotiation incident where the subject deliberately steps in the line of fire to be shot. The passage of time is very helpful in this type of hostage situation because it gives a chance for anxieties to calm. The negotiator should focus on goals and problem solving.

Answer 9

suicidal or “Suicide by Cop”

Question 10

The psychological concept where the hostage taker attributes traits to the negotiator, which may or may not be true.

Answer 10

transference

Question 11

The type of psychological concept where the negotiator or hostage assigns attributes to the hostage taker, which may or may not be true

Answer 11

counter-transference

Question 12

How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…

The hostage can become extremely docile, cooperating with, or assisting the _____ _____.

Answer 12

hostage taker

Question 13

How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…

The hostage acquires positive feelings toward the hostage taker based upon the hostage’s _____ _____ with the hostage taker, due to the need to stay alive. This type of behavior is seen in _____ _____.

Answer 13

positive interaction

Stockholm syndrome

Question 14

How transference and counter-transference can interfere with hostage negotiation efforts…

_____ of positive feelings by the hostage toward the hostage taker may include the development of negative feelings toward the police.

Answer 14

Counter-transference

Question 15

A hostage’s negative feelings toward police may remain after release due to the _____ of the release. For example, they may feel it took too long for them to be released or like they were not valued.

Answer 15

circumstances

Question 16

The hostage taker may acquire positive feelings toward the hostage. The advantage to this type of transference is that

Answer 16

the hostage may stay alive longer.

Question 17

When _____ _____ between the hostage taker and the hostage occur, the hostage may not have a counter-transference of positive feelings to the hostage taker.

Answer 17

negative interactions

Question 18

It takes time for _____ transference to build up between the hostage taker and the hostage.

Answer 18

positive

Question 19

_____ interactions between the hostage taker and the hostage can make it more difficult to reach a _____ _____.

Answer 19

Negative

negotiated settlement

Question 20

Caution should be exercised in extracting information from or attempting to rescue a hostage because they may not fully cooperate with the police if they have _____ _____ toward hostage taker.

Answer 20

positive feelings

Question 21

Categories of verbiage used by a negotiator during the negotiation process.

Answer 21

a) triggers
b) hooks
c) traps
d) flag words

Question 22

Topics or statements that anger or agitate the hostage taker.

Answer 22

triggers

Question 23

Topics that improve the relationship and communication between a hostage taker and a negotiator.

Answer 23

hooks

Question 24

Words that represent a situation when the hostage negotiator gives responses that are incorrect, insensitive, inadequate, or show they were not listening.

Answer 24

traps

Question 25

Words used by the hostage negotiator that can give the hostage taker a sense of power or incite anxiety, e.g. “hostage,” “gun,” “jail,” “Baker/Marchman Act,” “murder,” “kill,” “surrender”.

Answer 25

flag words

Question 26

List the major elements present in a hostage negotiation situation.

Answer 26

a) Intelligence gathering b) Hostage(s) c) Hostage Taker d) Isolation and Containment of the hostage taker and hostage e) Threat of force by police, managed by tactical operations f) Time to resolve issues g) Environmental Conditions

Question 27

A hostage’s actions may affect _____.

Answer 27

the situation

Question 28

Hostages that are _____ _____ during a hostage situation are at higher risk.

Answer 28

overly emotional

Question 29

List the following stages associated with a typical hostage’s reaction.

Answer 29

a) denial b) delusions of reprieve c) pattern behavior, busy work d) taking stock e) making a summary

Question 30

In the _____ stage, the hostage feels disbelief the event is occurring.

Answer 30

denial

Question 31

In the _____ stage, the hostage begins to accept the situation is occurring.

Answer 31

delusions of reprieve

Question 32

In the _____ stage, the hostage will perform incidences of recognized activity, such as reading or other repetitive activities to pass the time during the incident.

Answer 32

pattern behavior, busy work

Question 33

In the _____ stage, the hostage begins to reflect.

Answer 33

taking stock

Question 34

In the _____ stage, the hostage works toward positive contact with the hostage taker.

Answer 34

making a summary

Question 35

What is the immediate priority when a hostage taking incident begins?

Answer 35

Isolation and containment of the hostage taker and hostage.

Question 36

Effective use of force is determined by _____ and _____ between all teams and inter-agency departments involved in the incident.

Answer 36

cooperation and communication

Question 37

The motivation of a hostage taker to negotiate is driven by _____.

Answer 37

the threat of force

Question 38

Having an extended amount of time to negotiate increases _____.

Answer 38

the odds of success

Question 39

The _____ allows better communication to develop and increases the chances of successful problem solving.

Answer 39

passage of time

Question 40

The passage of time allows the hostage taker to _____ and _____.

Answer 40

calm down and thing rationally

Question 41

Though every circumstance is different, it can be a liability to _____ a hostage negotiation or to issue an ultimatum.

Answer 41

rush

Question 42

_____ _____ such as outside weather, conditions of the hostage area, availability of a bathroom for the hostage taker, ambient noise, etc. can interfere with communications, or become items for negotiation during an incident.

Answer 42

Environmental factors

Question 43

These situations involve a person held with threat of force in order to influence the decision of another.

Answer 43

hostage situations

Question 44

A situation where subject(s) use a natural or manmade structure, or an obstacle as a boundary to limit access or block attack. These subjects may or may not have a hostage with which to negotiate.

Answer 44

barricaded subject

Question 45

_____ _____ intentionally attempt to take their own life or act in an extreme self-destructive manner likely to cause death, including suicide-by-cop.

Answer 45

Suicidal persons

Question 46

Describe four types of scenes, which may affect how negotiations proceed.

Answer 46

a) barricaded in a structure b) open ground c) vehicle/conveyance d) remote hostage incident/video communication

Question 47

Identify methods of contact used by negotiators.

Answer 47

a) face to face b) telephone - cell phone, landline, or a “throw” phone c) wireless device - text messages, instant video feed, etc. d) public address system e) written note f) use of a third-party intermediary such as a relative, friend, or co-worker g) use of a language translator

Question 48

Should be used as a last resort, with sufficient protective cover.

Answer 48

Face to face negotiations

Question 49

In order to use a third-party intermediary _____ and _____ _____ is required.

Answer 49

debriefing and extensive preparation

Question 50

For third-party intermediary contact, you may _____ a message if direct contact is not desired.

Answer 50

pre-record

Question 51

For use of a translator, stress that they are to express _____ _____. A second translator should be assigned to the Intelligence Team.

Answer 51

proper tone