lesson 1 nd 2 Flashcards
An organized systematic way of finding answers to questions through the process of collecting data and information.
Research
Is any quality of a person, group subject, event, condition, or emotion that can vary or take on different values. (a more specific type than concepts)
Ex.
- Blood Types
- Age
- Gender
- Year Level
Variables
Is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon.
Theory
3 types/examples of theories:
- Theory of Relativity
- Atomic Theory
- Theory of Evolution
Refers to the process of selecting a subset or portion of a larger population for research purposes. It helps ensure that data collected represents the larger population accurately.
Ex. Selecting a specific amount of students (30) from a population of students (1,000)
Sampling
Is a term used in research that abstractly describes and names an object, phenomenon, or idea, helping researchers discuss complex topics in simple terms. (a broader type than variables)
Ex.
- Educational Level - HS Graduate, College Graduate, Post Graduate
- Age: 18 y/o - 20 y/o
- Income: ₱5000-₱8000
Concept
Is a tentative explanation or answer for a phenomenon under investigation, forming the basis for the research. A reasonable educated guess or idea that tries to explain something we are studying.
Hypothesis
5 Technical Terms used in Research:
- Variables
- Theory
- Sampling
- Concept
- Hypothesis
Focuses on understanding human behavior, experiences, and social phenomena. It often involves non-numerical data, such as words, observations, and interviews. The emphasis is on exploration and interpretation of experiences, rather than testing hypotheses.
Example methods: In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation.
Strengths: Provides rich, detailed insights into complex issues.
Qualitative Research
Involves measuring and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns and test theories or hypotheses. This type of research is typically focused on large-scale data collection and often uses tools like surveys, questionnaires, and statistical analysis.
Example methods: Statistical analysis, surveys with numerical data, structured interviews with fixed responses.
Strengths: Provides measurable and generalizable results.
Quantitative Research
The goal must be clear and precise. Avoid vagueness or ambiguity.
S - Specific
There should be a way to track progress and determine when the goal is achieved.
M - Measurable
The goal should be realistic, given available resources and time.
A - Achievable
The goal must be aligned with broader objectives and priorities.
R - Relevant
There should be a clear timeline or deadline for achieving the goal.
T - Time-bound
What does the acronym SMART stand for?
S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Achievable
R - Relevant
T - Time-bound
Is a precise and formal explanation of a term or concept, usually based on recognized sources like dictionaries, journals, and encyclopedias. Refers to definitions of words filled with science.
Uses words such as “Based on this study”
“as it is”
Examples:
- “A car is an automobile that uses an internal combustion engine or electric motor to provide power and is typically designed to carry passengers on roads. (Santos 2020)”
- Atom: is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in defined energy levels.
Technical Definition
Specifies how a term or concept will be measured or observed in the context of a study. It is crucial for ensuring clarity in research. (more specific than technical definition, opinionated)
Uses words such as “In this study, According to, As used in this study”
Examples:
- “In this study, ‘employee satisfaction’ will be measured by a 10-item Likert scale survey assessing job contentment.”
- Sleep Quality: measured by the number of hours of sleep per night and
the frequency of waking up during the night, as recorded by a sleep tracker
app over a two-week period.
Operational Definitions
2 Types of Research:
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
2 Types of Definitions:
- Technical
- Operational
