Lesson 1: Leadership and Management Flashcards
Is the coordination and integration of resources through planning,
organizing, directing, and controlling in order to accomplish specific
institutional goals and objectives.
Management
3 Categories of Management Roles in the Organization
1) Interpersonal
2) Intrapersonal
3) Decisional
TRADITIONAL THEORY: Determined by their genetic and social inheritance.
Great Man Theory
TRADITIONAL THEORY:
- “Leaders are born, not made.”
- Leaders possessed multiple characteristics (e.g., they
tended to be taller, be more articulate, or exude
self-confidence).
Trait Theory
TRADITIONAL THEORY:
- The right thing to do depended on the situation the leader
was facing.
- Adaptability
- Emphasize the importance of understanding all the factors
that affect a particular group of people in a particular
environment.
Contingency or Situational Theory
TRADITIONAL THEORY: Based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born.
Consider it the flip-side of the Great Man theories.
Behavioral Theory
TRADITIONAL THEORY:
- The true nature of leadership is not the ability to motivate
people to work hard for their pay but the ability to transform
followers to become more self-directed in all they do.
- Emphasizes that people need a sense of mission that goes
beyond good interpersonal relationships or the appropriate
reward for a job well done (Bass & Avolio, 1993).
Transformational Theory
TRADITIONAL THEORY: - Traditional manager, concerned with the day-to-day
operations (Burns).
- Use rewards and punishments to motivate employees
- Subordinate are clearly stated with corresponding rewards,
fail to satisfy those requirements, they will receive a
corresponding punishment.
Transactional Theory
CONTEMPORARY THEORY:
- Suggests that leaders must be true to themselves, know
their values, and act accordingly (Marquis and Huston
2009).
- Requires leaders “to be matched (congruence) between the
activities, actions, and deeds of the leader and the leader’s
values.”
Congruent/Authentic Leadership Theory
CONTEMPORARY THEORY:
- The leadership behavior is generally determined by the
relationship between the leader’s personality and the specific
situation.
- The leader must diagnose the situation and select
appropriate strategies from a large repertoire of skills.
Hollander (1978).
Schein’s Model (Interactional Leadership Theory)
CONTEMPORARY THEORY: In order to be a great leader, one needs to be a servant first.
Servant Leadership Theory
Who suggested that servant leaders have 10 qualities that define their success?
Marquis and Huston (2009)
CONTEMPORARY THEORY:
- Belief that not all followers (called agents) are naturally
motivated to support the best interest of the leader or
employer (principal).
- This assumes that in order for the followers to perform,
adequate incentives must be provided.
Principal Agent Leadership Theory
CONTEMPORARY THEORY:
- Recognizes the need for individuals and organizations to
invest in employees with the anticipation of future gains.
- Human capital is usually viewed as the collective education,
knowledge, skills, and abilities of an entire group.
- Theory assumes that these gains can be increased or
improve productivity. Thus, longevity in the workplace
becomes a desirable outcome for valued employees.
The Human Capital Theory of Leadership
CONTEMPORARY THEORY:
- The ability to perceive emotions, facilitate thinking, and to
analyze or understand the relationships of others to one’s
own emotions (Mayer et al. 2000).
- An emotionally intelligent nurse leader is an individual who
can work in harmony with his/her thoughts and feelings and
are able to better manage stress in the clinical environment.
Emotional Intelligence Theory
What is the metaphor which characterizes the classical/traditional
approach to organizations?
Metaphor of the Machine
Father of Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor
Who is the founder of Bureaucratic Management?
Max Weber
MANAGEMENT THEORY:
- Legalized, formal authority and consistent rules & regulations for
personnel in different positions.
- Provide more rules, regulations, & structure within organizations to
INCREASE EFFICIENCY.
Bureaucratic Theory
Father of Modern Management
Jules Henri Fayol
Developed the 14 Principles of Management
Jules Henri Fayol
What does the “Management Process” consist?
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Control
Founder of Activities of Management
Luther Gulick
MANAGEMENT THEORY:
Also called the Behavioral Management Theories.
● Addresses the human dimension of work where classical theories
ignored employee motivation and behavior.
● Believed that a better understanding of human behavior at work,
such as motivation, conflict, expectations, and group dynamics,
IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY.
● Viewed employees as individuals, resources, and assets to be
developed and worked with — not as machines.
Human Relations Management
THEORIES X & Y: Workers are lazy and want to be told what to do and have decisions
made for them.
Theory X (Classical)
Founder of Hawthorne Effect
George Elton Mayo
Founder of Theories X & Y
Douglas McGregor
Mother of Conflict Management
Mary Parker Follet
MANAGEMENT THEORY: Original purpose of the experiments was to study the effects of
physical conditions on productivity.
Hawthorne Experiment
THEORY X & Y:
- Average employee is lazy, dislikes work, and will try to do as little as
possible.
- Manager’s task is to supervise closely and control employees
through reward and punishment.
Theory X
THEORIES X & Y:
- Employees want autonomy, job satisfaction, responsibility, and will
work hard when they are appreciated.
- Employees will do what is good for the organization when committed.
Theory Y
Founder of Employee Participation
Chris Agryris
