Lesson 1: KINSHIP Flashcards
What is Family?
The basic social institution and the primary group in society.
Family is characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction.
Define Kinship.
The bond of blood or marriage that binds people together in a group.
Kinship forms a web of social relationships essential to human lives.
What does the kinship system include?
Socially recognized relationships based on supposed as well as actual genealogical ties.
These relationships result from social interaction and are recognized by society.
What is Affinal Kinship?
Relationships based upon marriage or cohabitation between collaterals.
Collaterals are people treated as the same generation.
What is Consanguineous Kinship?
Connections between people that are traced by blood.
Define Descent.
The origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality.
What is a descent group?
A social group whose members have common ancestry.
What are the types of descent?
Unilineal, Bilateral, Matrilineal, Patrilineal.
Each type describes how descent is traced among individuals.
Explain Unilineal descent.
Traces descent only through a single line of ancestors, either male or female.
What is Bilateral descent?
Affiliates a person with relatives related through either his or her parents.
Define Matrilineal descent.
Descent traced through the mother’s line, including the mother’s brother.
What is Patrilineal descent?
Individuals belong to their father’s descent group.
What is Marriage?
An important institutional element of the family; a cultural mechanism that ensures its continuity.
What does the Family Code of the Philippines state about Marriage?
Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between man and woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
What are some reasons people marry?
Love, economic and emotional security, parent’s desire, escape from solitude, money, companionship, protection, adventure, common interest.
Sexual attraction is the least consideration for marriage.
True or False: Marriage makes sexual intercourse legitimate and sanctions parenthood.
True.
What is the legal capacity required for marriage under Philippine law?
The contracting parties must be male or female.
What is the minimum age for marriage for women in the Philippines?
18 years old.
What is the minimum age for marriage for men in the Philippines?
21 years old.
What is required for consent in a marriage under Philippine law?
Consent must be freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer.
What is the authority required in a marriage under Philippine law?
Authority of the solemnizing officer.
What are the two main forms of marriage?
Monogamy and polygamy.
Define monogamy.
Monogamy allows a man to take only one spouse at a time.
What is polygamy?
Polygamy is plural marriage and can assume three forms.
What is polygyny?
Polygyny is the marriage of a man to one or more women at the same time.
What is polyandry?
Polyandry is the marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.
What is group marriage?
Group marriage is a type of polygamy where several men marry several women.
What is neolocal residence?
Neolocal residence is where the couple finds their own house, independent from all family members.
What is bilocal residence?
Bilocal residence is a choice of staying with either the groom’s or bride’s parents.
What is patrilocal residence?
Patrilocal residence is where the married couple lives with the husband’s father’s family.
What is matrilocal residence?
Matrilocal residence is where the couple moves to live where the wife grew up.
What is avunculocal residence?
Avunculocal residence is where the couple lives with the husband’s mother’s brother.
Define endogamy.
Endogamy refers to the norm of marrying within one’s clan or ethnic group.
Define exogamy.
Exogamy allows one to marry outside one’s clan or ethnic group.
What legal sanctions are prescribed under Philippine law for adultery and concubinage?
Penal and civil sanctions, including criminal action for adultery and concubinage.
What is the significance of kinship by marriage?
Kinship by marriage establishes relationships through marital connections.
What is kinship by ritual?
Ritual kinship in the form of godparenthood
Parents selected godparents for a child at baptism, confirmation, and marriage, tying them as co-parents.
Who were the preferred godparents in traditional communities?
A married couple
Their unions were typically more stable and they were more likely to provide a home for the child.
What should be the character of the chosen godparents?
Proper character and good standing in the community
Define ‘Family of Orientation.’
The family into which one is born and where one is reared or socialized.
Define ‘Family of Procreation.’
The family established through marriage, consisting of a husband, a wife, sons, and daughters.
What constitutes a nuclear family?
A family consisting of a married man & woman and their biological children.
What is the main issue for children in nuclear families?
To help them understand that their two-parent, heterosexual family is one kind among many other kinds of families.
Define ‘Extended Family.’
A family where grandparents or aunts and uncles play major roles in the children’s upbringing.
What is a reconstituted family?
A blended family where one or both parents have children from a previous relationship.
What is meant by ‘Conditionally Separated Families’?
A family member is separated from the rest of the family due to employment, military service, incarceration, or hospitalization.
What characterizes a transnational family?
Families living in more than one country, spending part of the year in their country of origin.
Define ‘Kinship Politics.’
A system where kin genealogy is applied to determine communal leadership in tribal societies.
What principle is kinship politics built upon?
Blood is thicker than water.
What does kinship politics assert about power distribution?
Power should be circulated only among those tied by blood.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a family unit where one or both parents have children from a previous relationship.
Reconstituted family
True or False: Extended families always include relatives living with the children.
False
What are political dynasties?
Families whose members are involved in politics.
When did political dynasties start emerging in the Philippines?
After the Philippine Revolution when the First Republic of the Philippines was established.
Which notable political dynasties are mentioned in the Philippines?
- Aquino family
- Marcos family
What percentage of positions in the Philippine government are held by members of political dynasties?
Majority of positions.
What is a political alliance?
An agreement for cooperation between different political parties on a common agenda.
What is the purpose of a political alliance?
- Contesting an election
- Mutually benefiting from the alliance
- Clearing election threshold
What is a coalition government?
A government formed when a political alliance comes to power or when only a plurality has been reached.
What does the Carnegie Effect refer to?
The idea that inherited wealth harms recipient’s work efforts.
What role does the Carnegie Effect play in discussions?
It plays a key role in the discussion of taxation of intergenerational transfers.
Fill in the blank: Political dynasties in the Philippines can be seen in families that have been part of the government for several _______.
generations
True or False: A coalition government can only be formed if a majority has been reached.
False
