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MYCO-VIRO > Lesson 1: Introduction to Virology > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Virology Flashcards

1
Q

1st written record of a virus infection consists of a
hieroglyph from Memphis, ancient Egypt’s, etc.

A

1400 BC

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2
Q

A temple priest showing typical clinical signs
of paralytic

A

Siptah

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3
Q

Viral disease commonly known as Polio

A

Poliomyelitis

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4
Q

Is believed to have died/succumbed to SMALLPOX

A

Pharoh Ramses V, 1996 BC.

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5
Q

It is the disease king or furrow

A

Mummy

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6
Q

It is the disease caused by the family of viruses known as Pox virus

A

Smallpox

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7
Q

Refers to the very first attempt for vaccination.

A

Variolation

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8
Q

Through Inoculation/Injection

A

Vaccination

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9
Q

The one who really developed the vaccine against the
smallpox was

A

Edward Jenner

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10
Q

Vaccinate (8-yr old) using cowpox infected material of Sarah Nemes (milkmaid)

A

James Phipps

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11
Q

Date when Edward Jenner challenged the boy by deliberately inoculating him

A

July 1, 1976

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12
Q

Genetic elements that can replicate only inside a living cell

A

Obligate Intracellular Parasite

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13
Q

For virus to survive it requires specifically a

A

Living host cell

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14
Q

General Characteristics of Viruses

A

Possess their own genomes (DNA or RNA)

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Viruses: do not grow in artificial culture media

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Meaning outside the body and one way to grow your microorganism is by using culture media.

A

In Vitro

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17
Q

Is it possible to grow viruses in a laboratory?

A

Yes, using in vitro type of culture medium such as chick embryo (balut), animals.

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18
Q

Small infectious units measured in nanometer about ____________

A

20- 300nm in diameter

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19
Q

The type of microscope that we can use for us to
visualize the viruses is an

A

Electron Miscroscopy

20
Q

In our laboratory routinely we only have the __________ (common or basic requirement in laboratory) type of microscope.

A

Bright Field

21
Q

Can we still visualize viruses using only an
Electron microscope?

A

No, but we can still use bright field microscopes for studying viruses.

22
Q

Difference between Electron and Bright Field Microscopy

A

Electron microscopy (direct visualization), while in Bright Field microscopy (Indirect visualization)

23
Q

There are groups of viruses that can cause change on its host
cell.

A

Cytopathic Effect

24
Q

smallest animal virus

A

parvovirus

25
Q

Largest animal virus

A

poxvirus

26
Q

Virus types are very specific, and each has a limited
number of hosts it can infect; this is referred to as

A

Viral tropism

27
Q

Viral components

A
  1. Nucleic acid genome (RNA or DNA)
  2. Protective protein coat
28
Q

Which protects or coats your DNA or RNA of your viruses.

A

CAPSID

29
Q

It is made up of proteins (macromolecules) being a macromolecule it has
a subunit (amino acids) combination of amino acids that leads to protein

A

CAPSID

30
Q

Does your capsid have its subunits?

A

Yes, the subunit of capsid is called
CAPSOMERES

31
Q

Attachment or combinations of several thousand capsomeres leads to the formation of capsid.

A

Capsomeres

32
Q

Nucleic Acid (genome) + capsid =

A

NUCLEOCAPSID or VIRION

33
Q

It is also known as viral particle

A

Virion

34
Q

It was derived or comes from the host cell membrane that is modified
by the virus (Enveloped Virus).

A

Glycoprotein spikes

35
Q

Component: It contains only PROTEIN

A

NAKED CAPSID

36
Q

When we say enveloped type of virus on its capsid it has

A

Lipids and Glycoproteins

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Naked Capsid is Environmentally STABLE.

A

TRUE

38
Q

Naked Capsid is Environmentally STABLE to the following:

A
  • Temperature, Acid, Proteases, Detergents, Drying, Released from cell by lysis
  • Can dry out and retain infectivity
  • Can be spread easily (on fomites, from hand to hand, by dust, by small droplets)
  • Can survive the adverse conditions of the gut
  • Can be resistant to detergents and poor sewage treatment
  • Antibody may be sufficient for immunoprotection
39
Q

Components: Membrane Lipids, Proteins and Glycoproteins

A

Enveloped Capsid

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Enveloped Capsid is Environmentally LABILE-disrupted.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Enveloped Capsid is Environmentally LABILE-disrupted by the following:

A
  • Acid, Detergents, Drying, Heat
  • Modifies cell membrane during replication
  • Released by budding and cell lysis
42
Q

Enveloped Capsid:

A

 Must stay wet
 Spreads in large droplets, secretions, organ transplants, and blood transfusions
 Cannot survive the gastrointestinal tract
 Does not need to kill the cell to spread
 May need antibody and cell-mediated immune response for protection and control
 Elicits hypersensitivity and inflammation to cause immunopathogenesis

43
Q

● NUCLEOCAPSID STRUCTURES

A

○ Icosahedral structure (cubic)
○ Helical structure
○ Complex structure (Poxviridae)

44
Q

VIRAL MULTIPLICATION SAMPLE

A

● Adsorption (Recognition and Attachment)
● Penetration
● Uncoating
● Synthetic phase
● Assembly
● Release

45
Q

Virus Classification: ICVT meaning

A

International Committe on Viral Taxonomy

46
Q

Viral Classification: Based on 4 major properties of viruses

A
  1. Type of nucleic acid
  2. Symmetry and shape of the capsid
  3. Presence or absence of envelope
  4. Size of the virus particle

MYCO-VIRO (1 decks)

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