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Sedimentary Petrology > Lesson 1: Introduction to Sedimentary Petrology > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Sedimentary Petrology Flashcards

1
Q

Measures clay to boulders.

A

Udden - Wentworth Scale

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2
Q

Rocks form at low temperatures and pressures at the surface of the Earth.

A

Sedimentary

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3
Q

They cover roughly three-fourths of the Earth’s surface.

A

Sedimentary

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4
Q

Their textures, structures, composition, and fossil content reveal the nature of past surface environments and life forms.

A

Sedimentary

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5
Q

Types of resistant rocks that are not prone to weathering.

A

Silicate minerals and rock fragments

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6
Q

Types of secondary minerals.

A

Clay minerals and Iron oxides

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7
Q

Soluble constituents

A

Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium

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8
Q

Arrange in order the life of a sedimentary rock.

A

Source Rock, Transportation, Deposition, Chemical/Biochemical Precipitation, Diagenesis

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9
Q

Leading to solution or destruction of some sediments and leads to a generation of new minerals in sediments

A

Diagenesis

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10
Q

Common sediments that make up common sandstone, conglomerates, and

shales.

A

Terrigenous Siliciclastic Particles

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11
Q

Divided by composition into carbonates, evaporites, cherts, ironstone and iron-formations, and phosphorites.

A

Chemical/ Biochemical Constituents

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12
Q

Rocks that have soluble constituents

A

Calcite, Apatite, Gypsum

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13
Q

Carbonaceous materials with woody residue of plants and chief components of coal.

A

Humic

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14
Q

Precipitated minerals such as silts and sand size grains moved by waves and depositional basin.

A

Aggregated Grains

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15
Q

Remains of spores, pollen, phyto-and zooplankton, and macerated plan debris that accumulate in water

A

Sapropelic

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16
Q

One of the constituents of cannel coals and oil shales.

A

Sapropelic

17
Q

Solid asphaltic residues that form through the loss of volatiles, oxidation, and polymerization.

A

Bitumens

18
Q

Added during burial but never the dominant constituents of sedimentary rock.

A

Authigenic constituents

19
Q

Important as indicators of past depositional conditions

A

Sandstones and limestones

20
Q

Authigenic constituents of minerals

A

Quartz, feldspar, clay minerals

21
Q

Shrinking ocean basins caught between colliding continental margins/arch-trench/subducted/deformed suture belts.

example: bay of bengal

A

Remnant Ocean Basin

22
Q

Foreland basins above rifted continental margins that have been pulled into subduction zone during collision.

example: Persian gulf

A

Peripheral Foreland Basin

23
Q

Basins formed and carried atop moving thrust sheets

example: Peshawar basin

A

Piggy Back Basin

24
Q

Basin formed among basement-cored uplifts in foreland settings.

A

Foreland Intermontane Basins

25
Q

Basins formed by extension along strike-slip fault systems.

Example: Salton Sea

A

Transtensional Basins

26
Q

Basins formed by compression along strike-slip fault
systems

Example: Santa Barbara Basin

A

Transpressional Basins

27
Q

Basins formed by rotation of crustal blocks about vertical axes within strike-slip fault systems.

Example: Western Aleutian Forearc.

A

Transrotational Basins

28
Q

Diverse basins formed within and on continental crust due to distant collisional processes.

Example: Qaidam Basin China

A

Intracontinental Wrench Basins

29
Q

Former failed rifts at high angles to continental margins, which have been reactivated during convergent tectonics, so that they are at high angles to orogenic belts.

Example: Mississippi embayment

A

Aulacogens

30
Q

Rifts formed at high angles to orogenic belts, without
preorogenic history (in contrast with aulacogens).

Example: Baikal rift (Siberia) (distal)

A

Impactogens

31
Q

Basins formed in intermontane settings following cessation of local orogenic or taphrogenic activity.

Example: Southern Basin and Range Arizona.

A

Successor Basins

32
Q

Broad scientific discipline that encompasses the study of all kinds of sedimentary rocks

A

Sedimentary Petrology

33
Q

Deals with the characterization of the individual sediments

A

Sedimentology

Sedimentary Petrology (4 decks)

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